Ruminations on Hejhal's theorem about the Bergman and Szegő kernels (Q2064166)

The authors give a new proof of the theorem about the Bergman and Szegő kernels. Let \(\Omega\) be a bounded domain in \(\mathbb C\) with outer boundary curve \(\gamma_n\) and inner boundary curves \(\gamma_1,\dots,\gamma_{n-1}\). Let \(\sigma_j\) be a curve in \(\Omega\) that starts on \(\gamma_n\) and ends on \(\gamma_j\), \(j=1,\dots,n-1\). Let \(\beta_j\) denote the curve on the double \(\hat{\Omega}\) of \(\Omega\) that first follows \(\sigma_j\) in \(\Omega\), and then follows the copy of \((-\sigma_j)\) in a copy \(\tilde\Omega\) of \(\Omega\) to connect back to the starting point. The Bergman kernel \(K(z,w)\) is the kernel for the orthogonal projection of \(L^2(\Omega)\) onto its closed subspace of holomorphic functions in \(L^2\). The Szegő kernel \(S(z,w)\) is the kernel for the orthogonal projection of \(L^2(\partial\Omega)\) onto its subspace consisting of \(L^2\) boundary values of holomorphic functions. There is the identity \[K(z,w)=4\pi S(z,w)^2+\sum_{i,j=1}^{n-1}\lambda_{ij}F_i'(z)\overline{F_j'(w)},\;\;\;F_i'(z)=2\frac{\partial\omega_i}{\partial z},\] where \(\omega_i\) is the harmonic function on \(\Omega\) that has boundary values equal to one on \(\gamma_i\) and equal to zero on the other boundary curves. The Garabedian kernel \(L(z,w)\) is the complementary kernel to the Szegő kernel, \(\overline{S(z,w)}ds_z=\frac{1}{i}L(z,w)dz\), \(z\in\partial\Omega\), \(w\in\Omega\), where \(ds_z\) represents the element of arc length on the boundary. The holomorphic one-form \(S(z,w)^2dz\) extends to be a meromorphic one form \(\sigma_w\) on the double by defining it to be the conjugate of \((-L(z,w)^2dz)\) on the back side of \(\Omega\) in the double. The key assertion of the paper is given in the following theorem. Theorem 2.1. The linear span of \[\left\{\left(\int_{\beta_1}\sigma_w,\dots,\int_{\beta_{n-1}}\sigma_w\right):\;w\in\Omega\right\}\] is dense in \(\mathbb C^{n-1}\). As a consequence, the matrix \([\lambda_{ij}]\) is non-singular.