Homogenization of Steklov eigenvalues with rapidly oscillating weights (Q2065056)

In this paper, the author studies the homogenization rates of eigenvalues of a Steklov problem with rapidly oscillating periodic weight functions: \[ \begin{cases} -\Delta_pu + |u|^{p-2}u = 0 & \mbox{in}\;\; \Omega\,, \\ |\!\bigtriangledown\! u|^{p-2} \frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu} = \lambda \varrho |u|^{p-2} u & \mbox{on}\;\; \partial \Omega\,,\end{cases} \eqno{(P_\varrho)} \] where \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^3\) is an open convex bounded domain with Lipschitz boundary \(\partial\Omega\), \(\Delta_p u :=\operatorname{div}(|\!\bigtriangledown\! u|^{p-2}\bigtriangledown\! u)\) with \(1 < p \), and \(\varrho : \partial \Omega \to \mathbb{R} \) is a function such that, for some fixed constants \(\varrho_{\pm} \), \[ 0 < \varrho_- \le \varrho(x) \le \varrho_+ < \infty\,,\;\; x \in \partial \Omega . \eqno{(1)} \] A sequence of functions \(\{\varrho_\varepsilon\}_{\varepsilon>0}\) satisfying (1) is given and the author studies the convergence of eigenvalues of \((P_{\varrho_\varepsilon})\) as \(\varepsilon \to 0\) to the limit problem \((P_{\varrho_0}\) ), where these two problems are defined, respectively as \[ \begin{cases} -\Delta_pu_\varepsilon + |u_\varepsilon|^{p-2}u_\varepsilon = 0 & \mbox{in}\; \Omega, \cr |\!\bigtriangledown\! u_\varepsilon|^{p-2} \frac{\partial u_\varepsilon}{\partial \nu} = \lambda \varrho_\varepsilon |u_\varepsilon|^{p-2} u_\varepsilon & \mbox{on}\; \partial \Omega, \cr \end{cases} \begin{cases} -\Delta_pu_0 + |u_0|^{p-2}u_0 = 0 & \mbox{in}\; \Omega, \cr |\!\bigtriangledown\! u_0|^{p-2} \frac{\partial u_0}{\partial \nu} = \lambda \varrho_0 |u_0|^{p-2} u_0 & \mbox{on}\; \partial \Omega, \cr \end{cases} \eqno{(1.2)} \] The main goal of this paper is to study the behavior of the (variational) eigenvalues to \((P_{\varrho_\varepsilon} )\) as \(\varepsilon \to 0\). When no periodicity assumptions on the family \(\{\varrho_{\varepsilon}\}_{\varepsilon>0}\) are made, in Theorem 5.1 the author proves that \[ \lim_{\varepsilon\to 0}\lambda_{k,\varepsilon} = \lambda_{k,0} \] where \(\lambda_{k,\varepsilon}\) and \(\lambda_{k,0 }\) denote the \(k\)-th (\(k \in \mathbb{N}\)) variational eigenvalue of problems (1.2), respectively. In the case of periodic homogenization, the author obtains explicit estimates of the convergence rate for the first two eigenvalues. As an application of Theorem 5.1 the author provides some estimates on the first nontrivial curve of the Dancer-Fučík spectrum with Steklov boundary condition. These results are still true when changing the \(p\)-Laplacian operator with a general quasilinear operator of the form \(\operatorname{div}(|A(x)\!\bigtriangledown\! u \cdot \bigtriangledown u|^{\frac{p-2}{2}} A(x)\bigtriangledown\! u)\), being \(A\) a uniformly elliptic and symmetric matrix.