Homogenization of ferromagnetic energies on Poisson random sets in the plane (Q2070902)

The present paper studies a prototypical model of pair-interaction energies on Poisson random sets in the plane. These energies are a random version of nearest-neighbour ferromagnetic systems defined on Bravais lattices, whose overall behaviour is that of an interfacial energy. The analysis of ferromagnetic energies is relevant for numerical approximations and modeling issues in view of the possibility of lattice approximations for arbitrary interfacial energies makes, see [\textit{A. Braides} and \textit{L. Kreutz}, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 50, No. 2, 1485--1520 (2018; Zbl 1386.49017)]. The study of energies involving bulk and surface part can often be decoupled in the analysis of each part, which justifies the analysis of surface energies separately also in that context, see [\textit{F. Cagnetti} et al., Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré, Anal. Non Linéaire 36, No. 4, 1035--1079 (2019; Zbl 1417.49010)] and the recent advances in the analysis and derivation of complex energies from discrete systems in [\textit{A. Bach} et al., SIAM J. Math. Anal. 52, No. 4, 3600--3665 (2020; Zbl 1446.49009)]. Discrete energies with randomness producing surface effects have been previously considered under various hypotheses. Results on regular lattices with random interactions comprise: random weak membrane models in [\textit{A. Braides} and \textit{A. Piatnitski}, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 189, No. 2, 301--323 (2008; Zbl 1147.74039)], random ferromagnetic energies with positive coefficients in [\textit{A. Braides} and \textit{A. Piatnitski}, J. Funct. Anal. 264, No. 6, 1296--1328 (2013; Zbl 1270.35057)] and ferromagnetic energies with a random distribution of degenerate coefficients in [\textit{A. Braides} and \textit{A. Piatnitski}, J. Stat. Phys. 149, No. 5, 846--864 (2012; Zbl 1260.82043)]. The authors of the present paper prove that by scaling nearest-neighbour ferromagnetic energies defined on Poisson random sets in the plane one obtains an isotropic perimeter energy with a surface tension characterised by an asymptotic formula.