Opening nodes in the DPW method: co-planar case (Q2071764)

In this work, the author combines the DPW (Dorfmeister, Pedit and Wu) method and opens nodes to construct embedded surfaces of positive constant mean curvature (CMC for short) with Delaunay ends in Euclidean space, with no limitation to the genus or number of ends. The author shows the following theorem: \textbf{Theorem }. Let \(\Gamma\) be a balanced, non-degenerate horizontal weighted graph with length-2 edges. There exists a smooth 1-parameter family of immersed \(CMC\)-1 surfaces \(\lbrace{M_t\rbrace}_{0<t<\epsilon}\) with the following properties: (1) \((M_t)\) converges to \(M_0\) as \(t \to 0\). The convergence is for the Hausdorf distance on compact sets of \(\mathbb{R}^3\). (2) \(M_t\) is homeomorphic to the boundary of a small tubular neighborhood of \(\Gamma\). (3) \(M_t\) is symmetric with respect to the horizontal plane. (4) For each \(j,k\in\mathbb{R}\), \(M_t\) has a Delaunay end with weight \(\simeq 2\pi t\tau_{jk}\) whose axis converges as \(t \to 0\) to the ray \(\Delta_{jk}\). (5) If all weights are positive, then \(M_t\) is Alexandrov-embedded. (6) If moreover \(\Gamma\) is pre-embedded, then \(M_t\) is embedded.