Properties of higher-order prime number sequences (Q2072017)

Let us consider the sequence of prime numbers \(\mathbb{P}=\{p_i\}_{i\geq 1}\) and let us denote by \(P^{(1)}=\mathbb{P}\) the set of prime numbers. Then, we define \(P^{(2)}\) the set of prime numbers \(\{p_j:j\in P^{(1)}\}\). In this manner we can recursively define a family of sets \(P^{(k)}=\{p_j:j\in P^{(k-1)}\}\) for every \(k\geq 2\). Several properties of these sets are studied. For example, the following interesting result is proved: There exists a unique \(I\subset\mathbb{P}\) such that \(\mathbb{P}=I\cup \{p_j:j\in I\}\) and \(I\cap \{p_j:j\in I\}=\emptyset\).