Global regime for general additive functionals of conditioned Bienaymé-Galton-Watson trees (Q2073179)

The authors consider additive functionals on a, conditioned on \(n\) tips, Bienaymé-Galton-Watson (BGW) tree. Let \(\mathbf{t}\) be the random tree and the considered functional, \(F(\cdot)\), is of the form \[ F(\mathbf{t}) = \sum\limits_{i=1}^{d} F(\mathbf{t}_{i}) + f(\mathbf{t}), \] where \(\mathbf{t}_{1},\ldots,\mathbf{t}_{d}\) are the subtrees rooted at the \(d\) children of the root of \(\mathbf{t}\) and \(f(\mathbf{t})\) is a toll function. The toll function considered is a transformation of \(\vert \mathbf{t} \vert^{\alpha'}\) where \(\vert \mathbf{t} \vert\) is the cardinal of \(\mathbf{t}\). The functional, \(F(\cdot)\), can be also written as \[ F(\mathbf{t}) = \sum\limits_{w \in \mathbf{t}} f(\mathbf{t}_{w}), \] where \(\mathbf{t}_{w}\) is the subtree of \(\mathbf{t}\) rooted at \(w\). The BGW tree is a discrete one. The main result of the authors shows convergence of an appropriately scaled functional. In particular there is a phase transition. Let the offspring distribution of the BGW tree be critical and in the domain of attraction of a stable distribution with index \(\gamma \in (1,2]\). If \(\gamma \alpha' +(\gamma-1)\beta>1\) (where \(\beta \in \mathbb{R}\) is present in the scaling and toll function), then the scaled functional (with \(f(\mathbf{t})=\vert \mathbf{t} \vert^{\alpha'} \mathfrak{h}(\mathbf{t})^{\beta}\), where \(\mathfrak{h}(\cdot)\) is the height of the tree) converges in distribution, and also the mean converges. This limit can be expressed in terms of a stable Lévy tree with branching mechanism, \(\psi(\lambda)=\kappa\lambda^{\gamma}\). Otherwise, if \(\gamma \alpha' +(\gamma-1)\beta\le1\) then both the mean and the functional (in distribution) converge to infinity. Above this, for a particular scaling and toll function equalling \(\vert \mathbf{t} \vert \cdot g\) (where \(g\) is a function of the scaled tree and its height) the convergence in distribution and of all positive moments is shown.