Universal graph Schubert varieties (Q2075058)

The context of the research is as follows. Let \(G\) be a semisimple complex algebraic group, \(K\) be a closed subgroup of \(G\). Let \(P\) be a parabolic subgroup of \(G\) and \(B_K\) is a Borel subgroup of \(K\). Then \(G/P \times K/B_K\) is a double flag variety. In this paper, the author considers three cases: \begin{itemize} \item[(I)] \(G=SL(2n)\), \(K=(GL(n) \times GL(n)) \cap G\), \(G/P\) is the Grassmannian \(Gr(n,2n)\), \item[(II)] \(G=Sp(2n)\), \(K=GL(n)\), \(G/P\) is the Lagrangian Grassmannian \(LG(2n)\), \item[(III)] \(G=SO(2n)\), \(K=GL(n)\), \(G/P\) is the orthogonal Grassmannian \(OG(2n)\). \end{itemize} The main result of the paper is: \begin{itemize} \item[1.] Descriptions of \(K\)-orbits on \(G/P \times K/B_K\) intersecting certain subset of \(G/P\) in terms of rank condition (Proposition 13 for (I), Proposition 34 for (II), (II)) \item[2.] Statements that the cohomology classes of the \(K\)-orbits are represented by the back-stable double Schubert polynomials (Theorem for (I)), back-stable involution Schubert polynomials (Theorem 41 for (II) and Theorem 43 for (III)). \end{itemize} Then, the author obtains some corollaries: \begin{itemize} \item[a.] Geometric interpretations of the involution Stanley symmetric functions \(2^{cyc(y)}F_y^{O}\), \(F_z^{Sp}\) (Theorem 44). \item[b.] A new proof that \(2^{cyc(y)}F_y^{O}\) is Schur \(Q\) positive and \(F_z^{Sp}\) is Schur \(P\) positive (Corollary 45), which are proved in [\textit{Z. Hamaker} et al., Int. Math. Res. Not. 2019, No. 17, 5389--5440 (2019; Zbl 1459.05338); J. Comb. 11, No. 1, 65--110 (2020; Zbl 1427.05226)]. \item[c.]A generalization of Pfaffian formulas of involution Schubert polynomials and Stanley symmetric functions for I-Grassmannian, fpf-I-Grassmannian involution in [\textit{Z. Hamaker} et al., Int. Math. Res. Not. 2019, No. 17, 5389--5440 (2019; Zbl 1459.05338); J. Comb. 11, No. 1, 65--110 (2020; Zbl 1427.05226)] to vexillary involution (Theorems 39,49,54,57). \end{itemize} The key point used to obtain the main results is the interpretation graph Schubert varieties of the as certain degeneracy when \(w,z\) are vexillary. The structure of the paper is as follows. Section 2 prepares background about cohomology rings of flag varieties, degeneracy loci, Schubert varieties, and vexillary permutations. Sections 3 shows the main result 1. 2. for (I). Sections 4 prepares the background for involution graph Schubert varieties. Section 5 shows the main results 1. 2. for (II), (III), and then corollaries a. b. Section 6 shows corollaries c. The last section gives tableau formulas for back-stable involution Schubert polynomials in terms of shifted tableaux in vexillary settings.