The prism manifold realization problem. II (Q2075682)

This article is a continuation of the paper [\textit{W. Ballinger} et al., Algebr. Geom. Topol. 20, No. 2, 757--816 (2020; Zbl 1443.57012)] and a prequel to [\textit{W. Ballinger} et al., ``The prism manifold realization problem. III'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1808.05321}]. A prism manifold is a family of spherical manifolds possessing a dihedral type fundamental group. More specifically, its fundamental group has the form \(\langle x, y \ | \ x^2 = y^2 = (xy)^p = 1 \rangle\) for some integer \(p>1\). Since prism manifolds are Seifert fiber spaces, we can characterize them by means of a Seifert invariant. Thus, one way to denote a prism manifold is \(P(p,q)\) where \((-1; (2,1), (2,1), (p,q))\) indicate a Seifert invariant for some relatively prime integers \(p\) and \(q\) with \(p>1\). The prism manifold realization problem has been solved for \(q<0\) in Part I of this paper [Zbl 1443.57012], and below is the main result in the present paper. Theorem. Given a pair of relatively prime integers \(p>0\) and \(q<0\), if the prism manifold \(P(p, q)\) can be obtained by \(4|q|\)-Dehn surgery on a knot \(K\) in \(S^3\), then \(P(p, q)\) belongs to one of the lists shown in Table 1 in [loc. cit.]. Moreover, the knot Floer homology group of \(K\) is determined by \(P(p, q)\) and the family containing it. The authors obtain the result by means of positive Dehn surgery on knots in the 3-sphere \(S^3\). They were able to tabulate a complete list of \(P(p,q)\) for \(q<0\) which can be seen in [loc. cit., Table 1]. For example, if \(p \geq 17\), then we may realize \(P(p, -\frac{1}{2}(p^2-3p+4))\). Likewise, \(P(p, -\frac{1}{22}(p^2-3p+4))\) is realizable for \(p \equiv 17\) or \(19\) \((mod \ 22)\). Thus, if \(p = 17\), then one can obtain \(P(17, -121)\) and \(P(17, -11)\). On the other hand, this article investigates the same problem for \(q>p\), and the following statement is its main result. Theorem. Given a pair of relatively prime integers \(p>1\) and \(q>p\), the prism manifold \(P(p,q)\) can be obtained by \(4q\)-surgery on a knot \(K\) in \(S^3\) if and only if \(P(p, q)\) belongs one of the six families in Table 2 in this article. Moreover, in this case, there exists a Berge-Kang knot \(K_0\) such that \(P(p,q)\) \(\cong\) \(S^3_{4q}(K_0)\) and that \(K\) and \(K_0\) have isomorphic knot Floer homology groups, where \(S^3_{4q}(K_0)\) is the two-handle corbodism obtained by attaching a two-handle to the four-ball \(B^4\) along the knot \(K_0\) with framing \(4q\). Moreover, Table 2 in this paper contains the complete list of all realizable prism manifolds. For instance, we may have \(P(p, \frac{1}{2}(p^2+3p+4))\) for any odd number \(p >1\). Thus, if \(p = 17\), then \(P(17, 172)\) is realizable. The calculation approach is similar to the ones in [loc. cit.] and in [\textit{J. E. Greene}, Ann. Math. (2) 177, No. 2, 449--511 (2013; Zbl 1276.57009)]. When \(q > p\), the prism manifold \(P(p,q)\) bounds a negative definite four-manifold \(X = X(p,q)\) with Kirby diagram. The authors carefully explain how to construct the manifold \(X(p, q)\) as the branched double cover of \(B^4\) over a particular surface by using various illustrative figures in Section 2. Note that the paper uses ideas from [\textit{J. Berge} and \textit{S. Kang}, ``The hyperbolic \(P/P\), \(P/SF_d\), and \(P/SF_m\) knots in \(S^3\)'', Preprint] and [\textit{Z. Shang}, ``Knots and prism manifold surgeries'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1909.02252}] to prove these theorems.