Average behaviour of higher moments of cusp form coefficients (Q2080519)

Let \(H_k\) be the space of all normalized primitive holomorphic cusp forms of even integral weight \(k\) for the full modular group, which consists of the eigenfunctions for all Hecke operators. \(f\in H_k\) admits the Fourier expansion \[ f(z)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\lambda_f(n)n^{\frac{k-1}{2}}e^{2\pi inz}, \quad \operatorname{Im}z>0, \] where we normalize \(\lambda_f(1) = 1\) and \(\lambda_f(n) \) is the \(n\)th normalized Fourier coefficient (Hecke eigenvalue) of \(f\). The Ramanujan-Petersson conjecture (proved by Deligne) implies that there exist two complex numbers \(\alpha_f(p),\beta_f(p)\) such that \[ \lambda_f(p)=\alpha_f(p)+\beta_f(p), \quad |\alpha_f(p)|=| \beta_f(p)|=\alpha_f(p)\beta_f(p)=1.\tag{1.2} \] The Hecke \(L\)-function associated with \(f\) is defined by (\(\operatorname{Re}s>1\)) \[ L(f,s)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{\lambda_f(n)}{n^s}=\prod_{p}^{}{\left( 1-\frac{\alpha_f(p)}{p^s}\right)}^{-1}{\left( 1-\frac{\beta_f(p)}{p^s}\right)}^{-1}. \] The Rankin-Selberg \(L\)-function associated with \(f\) is defined by \begin{align*} L(f\times f,s)&=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{\lambda_f(n)}{n^s}=\zeta(2s)\prod_{p}^{}{\left( 1-\frac{\alpha_f(p)^2}{p^s}\right)}^{-1}{\left( 1-\frac{\beta_f(p)^2}{p^s}\right)}^{-1}\\ & =\zeta(2s)\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{\lambda_f(n)^2}{n^s}:=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{\lambda_{f\times f}(n)}{n^s}. \end{align*} For any given integer \(w\ge 1\), consider the \(w\)th convolution of power of \(\lambda_{f\times f}\) generated by \(L(f\times f,s)\): \[ L(f\times f,s)^w=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{\lambda_{w,f\times f}(n)}{n^s}, \quad \operatorname{Re}s>1. \] Let \(\boldsymbol{i}=(i_1,\dots,i_l), \boldsymbol{w}=(w_1,\dots,w_l)\in \mathbb{N}^l\) be \(l\)-dimensional vectors and let \[ \Lambda_{\boldsymbol{w}}^{\boldsymbol{i}}(n)=\lambda_{w_1,f\times f}(n)^{i_1}\cdots \lambda_{w_l,f\times f}(n)^{i_l}. \] The main purpose of the paper is to obtain an asymptotic formula for the circle-divisor problem type sum \begin{align*} S_{\boldsymbol{w}}^{\boldsymbol{i}}(x)&:= \sum_{n=a^2+b^2\le x} \Lambda_{\boldsymbol{w}}^{\boldsymbol{i}}(n)= \sum_{n=a^2+b^2\le x}\lambda_{w_1,f\times f}(n)^{i_1}\cdots \lambda_{w_l,f\times f}(n)^{i_l}\\ &=4\sum_{n\le x}\lambda_{w_1,f\times f}(n)^{i_1}\cdots \lambda_{w_l,f\times f}(n)^{i_l}r(n), \end{align*} where \(r(n)=\sum_{d|n}\chi_4(d)\) with \(\chi_4\) denoting the real primitive character associated with the Gaussian field. Then from the \(L\)-function \[ L_{\boldsymbol{w}}^{\boldsymbol{i}}(s):=\frac{1}{4}\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{ \Lambda_{\boldsymbol{w}}^{\boldsymbol{i}}(n)}{n^s}, \quad \operatorname{Re}s>1 \tag{2.4} \] it is possible to factor out the power of \(\zeta(s)\) and the product of some symmetric \(L\)-functions and the twisted \(L\)-functions with the remaining factor being a Dirichlet series which converges absolutely for \(\operatorname{Re}s>\frac{1}{2}\) by the results of \textit{Y.-K. Lau} and \textit{G. Lü} [Q. J. Math. 62, No. 3, 687--716 (2011; Zbl 1269.11044)]. Then by the well-known procedure and many known results on \(L\)-functions, the author proves an asymptotic formula for \(S_{\boldsymbol{w}}^{\boldsymbol{i}}(x)\) similar to that for the divisor problem.