Algebraic curves admitting the same Galois closure for two projections (Q2082712)

Let \(C\) be an irreducible plane curve of degree \(d \geq 4\) over an algebraically closed field \(k\) of characteristic \(p \geq 0\). Let \(k(C)\) be the function field of the curve \(C\). The protagonist of this paper is the projection \(\pi_P: \mathbb{P}^2 \rightarrow \mathbb{P}^1\) from a point \(P \in \mathbb{P}^2\), and more specifically its restriction to \(C\), denote with \(\pi_{P,C}\). Here \(\mathbb{P}^i\) denotes the vector space over \(k\) of dimension \(i\). If \(\pi_{P,C}\) is separable, then the Galois closure of the field extension \(k(C)/\pi_{P,C}^*(k(\mathbb{P}^1))\) (where \(\pi_{P,C}^*\) is the pullback of \(\pi_{P,C}\)) is denoted by \(L_P\) and the corresponding Galois group with \(G_P\). Two definitions are central in this paper: The first comes from \textit{H. Yoshihara} [J. Algebra 239, No. 1, 340--355 (2001; Zbl 1064.14023)]. A point \(P\) is a \textit{Galois point}, if \(k(C)/\pi_{P,C}^*(k(\mathbb{P}^1))\) is a Galois extension, that is, if \(L_P = k(C)\). The second from \textit{G. P. Pirola} and \textit{E. Schlesinger} [J. Algebr. Geom. 14, No. 4, 623--642 (2005; Zbl 1084.14011)], where a point \(P\) is called \textit{uniform}, if \(G_P\) is the full symmetric group. Yoshihara and Pirola-Schlesinger the same mentioned years proved that there exist only finitely many non-uniform points \(P \in \mathbb{P}^2\), at least when \(p = 0\) and \(C\) is smooth, non-singular. \textbf{The following problem is addressed in this paper}: when does \(L_{P_1} = L_{P_2}\) occur for two distinct points \(P_1\) and \(P_2\) in the projective plane? When \(P_1\) and \(P_2\) are Galois points this problem was settled in a paper by \textit{S. Fukasawa} [J. Algebra 511, 95--101 (2018; Zbl 1400.14084)]. In this article, a criterion for the existence of a plane model of an algebraic curve such that the Galois closures of projections from two points are the same is presented (see Theorem 1). An example is also provided, namely the Hermitian function field in positive characteristic. This example is described as the Galois closure of projections of a plane curve from two non-uniform points (see Theorem 2).