Dynamical analysis of a Lotka Volterra commensalism model with additive Allee effect (Q2084182)

This paper studies the two-species commensalism symbiosis model \[ \begin{cases} \frac{\mathrm{d} x}{\mathrm{d} t}&=x(r-b x)+c x y ,\\ \frac{\mathrm{d} y}{\mathrm{d} t}&=y\left(d-e y-\frac{m}{y+a}\right), \end{cases} \] where \(r, b, c, d, e, m\), and \(a\) are positive constants and the additive Alle effect is described by the term \(\frac{m}{y+a}\). In case \(0<m<a d\) (resp.\ \(m>ad\)), then the Allee effect in is said to be weak (resp.\ strong). First, the number of equilibria and their local stability is determined. Then using Sotomayor's theorem and \(m\) as a bifurcation parameter the authors derive conditions for the existence of saddle-node and transcritical bifurcations. Finally some global stability results are established: using the Bendixson-Dulac theorem they prove the global asymptotic stability of the (unique) positive equilibrium in case of weak Allee effect, and of the boundary equilibrium \((\frac{r}{b},0)\) by Lyapunov's direct method when the Allee effect is strong. The case \(m=ad\) is also treated. Some numerical simulations are also give to illustrate the theoretical results. From a biological point the results mean that when the additive Allee effect is weak, both species can survive, and the additive Allee effect only affects the position of the equilibria. However, when the additive Allee is strong, the second species goes extinct.