Convergence from two-species Vlasov-Poisson-Boltzmann system to two-fluid incompressible Navier-Stokes-Fourier-Poisson system (Q2090361)

The authors consider the scaled Vlasov-Poisson-Boltzmann (VPB) system in all of phase space given by \[ \epsilon \partial_t f^{^+_-}_{\epsilon} +v\cdot \nabla_x f^{^+_-}_{\epsilon}\; ^+_- \;\epsilon \gamma \nabla _x \phi \cdot \nabla_v f^{^+_-}_{\epsilon} = \frac{1}{\epsilon} B(f^{^+_-}_{\epsilon},f^{^+_-}_{\epsilon}) + \epsilon B(f^{^+_-}_{\epsilon},f^{^+_-}_{\epsilon}), \] \[ \Delta_x \phi_{\epsilon} = \frac{\gamma}{\epsilon} \int_{R^3} (f_{\epsilon}^+ - f_{\epsilon}^-)dv. \] This system describes the motion of a two species plasma in the presence of an internally consistent electric field. The functions \(f^{^+_-}\) represent positively and negatively charged ions, \(\epsilon > 0\) is the Knudsen number, and \(\gamma > 0\) is a ratio involving the Knudsen number and the electric repulsion. The initial data for (1),(2) is \[ f^{^+_-}_{\epsilon}(0,x,v) = f^{^+_-}_{\epsilon,0}(x,v) \ge 0. \] The collision operator for hard-sphere interaction takes the form \[ B(f,g) = \int_{R^3}\int_{S^2}(f'g'_* - fg_*) |(v-v_*)\cdot \omega|d\omega dv_*. \] The authors consider fluctuations of size \(\epsilon\) of the form \(f_{\epsilon}^{^+_-} = M(1+\epsilon g_{\epsilon}^{^+_-})\) around the global Maxwellian, \(M\), given by \[ M = \frac{1}{(2\pi)^{3/2}}e^{-v^2/2}. \] In terms of \(g_{\epsilon}\) the perturbed VPB system becomes \[ \epsilon \partial_t g_{\epsilon}^{^+_-} +v\cdot \nabla_x g_{\epsilon}^{^+_-}\; ^-_+ \;\gamma v \cdot \nabla_x \phi\; ^-_+\; \epsilon \gamma \nabla_x \phi g_{\epsilon}^{^+_-} +_- \;\epsilon \gamma \nabla _x \phi \cdot \nabla_v g_{\epsilon}^{^+_-} + \frac{1}{\epsilon} \mathcal{L}g_{\epsilon}^{^+_-} + \epsilon \mathcal{L}(g^{^+_-},g_{\epsilon}^{^-_+}{\epsilon}) = \] \[ Q(g_{\epsilon}^{^+_-},g_{\epsilon}^{^+_-}) + \epsilon^2 Q(g_{\epsilon}^{^+_-},g_{\epsilon}^{^-_+}),\;\; g_{\epsilon}^{^+_-}(0,x,v) = g_{\epsilon,0}^{^+_-}(x,v) \] \[ \Delta_x \phi_{\epsilon} = \gamma \int_{R^3} (g_{\epsilon}^+ - g_{\epsilon}^-)Mdv. \] Here \(Q\) is a bilinear symmetric operator and \(\mathcal{L}\) the linearized Boltzmann collision operator. The main results of this paper are given in two theorems. The first theorem guarantees the global-in-time existence of classical solutions to (4),(5), uniform with respect to the Knudsen number \(\epsilon\), and further verifies that \[ f_{\epsilon}^{^+_-}(t,x,v) = M(v)(1+\epsilon g_{\epsilon}^{^+_-}(t,x,v)) \] solves the Cauchy problem (1)--(3). The second theorem proves a convergence of the solution of (4),(5) to a solution of the two-fluid incompressible Navier-Stokes-Fourier-Poisson (NSFP) system as \(\epsilon \rightarrow 0\). The NSFP system is comprised of macroscopic fluid equations given in terms of a mass density \(\rho^{^+_-}(t,x)\), bulk velocity \(u^{^+_-}(t,x)\), temperature \(\theta^{^+_-}(t,x)\), and the electric field \(\nabla_x \phi(t,x)\). The theorem guarantees that if \[ g^{^+_-}_{\epsilon,0}(x,v) \rightarrow g^{^+_-}_0(x,v) = \rho_0^{^+_-}(x) + u^{^+_-}_0(x)\cdot v + \theta_0^{^+_-}(x)(|v|^2/2-3/2) \] as \(\epsilon \rightarrow 0\) then \[ g_{\epsilon}^{^+_-}(t,x,v) \rightarrow \rho^{^+_-}(t,x) + u^{^+_-}(t,x)\cdot v + \theta^{^+_-}(t,x)(|v|^2/2-3/2), \] for which \(g_{\epsilon}^{^+_-}\) solves (4),(5) and \(\rho^{^+_-},u^{^+_-},\theta^{^+_-}\) is the solution to the NSFP system. The proof of the theorem relies on obtaining an energy bound uniform in \(\epsilon \in (0,1]\) for the perturbed VPB system (4),(5) and on the basis of this energy estimate verifying that the system (4),(5) converges to the incompressible NSFP equations as \(\epsilon \rightarrow 0\).