Charged Hawking mass and local rigidity of three-manifolds (Q2091077)

In their abstract, the authors say, ``Let \(M^3\) be an initial data set for the Einstein-Maxwell equations with vanishing magnetic field and \(\Sigma^2\subset M\) a two-sided compact embedded strictly stable minimal surface which locally maximizes the charged Hawking mass. Under suitable constrains on \(M\), we establish a local rigidity result and conclude that there exist a neighborhood of \(\Sigma\) in \(M\) isometric to the Reissner-Nordström-Anti-de Sitter space. At the same time, we will deduce an estimate for area of \(\Sigma \subset M\) a two-sided compact embedded surface of genus \(g(\Sigma)\) which is locally area-minimizing. In the equality case, we prove that the induced metric on \(\Sigma\) has constant Gauss curvature and locally \(M\) splits along \(\Sigma\).'' Perhaps one should mention that there are several definitions of the mass/energy, besides the oldest one, that of Bondi. A very often used definition is that by \textit{R. Arnowitt} et al. [``Dynamical structure and definition of energy in general relativity'', Phys. Rev II 116, No. 5, 1322--1330 (1959; \url{doi:10.1103/PhysRev.116.1322})], while another more recent one was given by \textit{R. Bartnik} [``New definition of quasilocal mass'', Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, No. 20, 2346--2348 (1989; \url{doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.62.2346})]. The authors discuss in this article the so called Hawking mass, which was rigourously defined in [\textit{R. Schoen}, ``Mean curvature in Riemanian geometry and general relativity, a contribution to global theory of minimal surfaces'', Proc. of Clay Math. Inst. 2001, 113--136 (2005)].