The wave interactions of an improved Aw-Rascle-Zhang model with a non-genuinely nonlinear field (Q2093482)

This paper deals with the improved Aw-Rascle-Zhang (IARZ) model \[ \left\{\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\! \begin{array}{ll} &\rho_t + (\rho u)_x = 0,\\ &(\rho(F (u) + p(\rho)))_t + (\rho u(F (u) + p(\rho)))_x = 0, \end{array} \right. \] where \(0 < \rho < \rho^*\) and \(u\) represent the density, velocity of the traffic flow, respectively. \(\rho^*\) is the jam density of the traffic flow system. They consider the three piecewise constant initial data \[ U(x,0) = (\rho,u)(x,0) = \left\{\!\!\!\!\!\!\!\! \begin{array}{lll} &U_l =(\rho_l,u_l),& x<-\varepsilon,\\ &U_m = (\rho_m,u_m), &-\varepsilon < x < \varepsilon,\\ &U_r = (\rho_r,u_r), & x > \varepsilon, \end{array} \right. \] where \(0 < \rho_l,\,\rho_m,\,\rho_r < \rho^*,\,u_l,\,u_m,\,u_r\) and \(\varepsilon > 0\) are constants. The flux in real traffic is \[q = \rho u.\] The state equation for \(p\) is \[p(\rho)=\left(\frac{1}{\rho}-\frac{1}{\rho^*}\right)^{-\gamma},\qquad \gamma>1.\] \(F(u)\) is a function related to the drivers' reaction time and satisfies \[F'(u)>0, \quad F''(u)<0, \quad (\gamma+2)F'(u)F'''(u)>(\gamma+1)F''(u)^2.\] The authors study the wave interactions for the IARZ model with the three piecewise constant initial data, under the condition of non-concave flow-density diagram in the first family wave curve.