Double generalized majorization (Q2094889)

A partition of a nonnegative integer \(n\) is a finite weakly decreasing sequence of positive integers \(\lambda_1\geq\lambda_2\geq\cdots\geq\lambda_r\) such that \(\sum_{i=1}^r\lambda_i=n\). Let \(\mathfrak{g}=(g_1,g_2,\ldots,g_{n+k})\), \(\mathfrak{a}=(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_s)\), \(\mathfrak{b}=(b_1,b_2,\ldots,b_k)\), \(\mathfrak{c}=(c_1,c_2,\ldots,c_n)\) and \(\mathfrak{d}=(d_1,d_2,\ldots,d_m)\) be five partitions. If \begin{align*} c_i &\geq g_{i+k},\qquad i=1,2,\ldots,n,\\ \sum_{i=h_j+1}^{n+k}g_i &\geq\sum_{i=h_j-j+1}^nc_i+\sum_{i=j+1}^kb_i,\qquad j=1,2,\ldots,k,\\ \sum_{i=1}^{n+k}g_i &\geq\sum_{i=1}^nc_i+\sum_{i=1}^kb_i, \end{align*} then we say that \(\mathfrak{g}\) is weakly majorized by \(\mathfrak{c}\) and \(\mathfrak{b}\), and we write \[ \mathfrak{g}\prec''(\mathfrak{c},\mathfrak{b}). \] The problem of particular interest involving the generalized majorization which connects all above mentioned fields is the so-called Double Generalized Majorization Problem: Let \(\mathfrak{a}\), \(\mathfrak{b}\), \(\mathfrak{c}\), and \(\mathfrak{d}\) be partitions given as above. Find necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a partition \(\mathfrak{g}=(g_1,g_2,\ldots,g_{m+k+s})\), such that \[ \mathfrak{g}\prec^{\prime\prime}(\mathfrak{d},\mathfrak{a})\qquad\text{and}\qquad\mathfrak{g}\prec^{\prime\prime}(\mathfrak{c},\mathfrak{b}). \] In this paper, the authors give a complete, explicit, and constructive solution to the double generalized majorization problem. In addition, they also settle a stronger version of the double-generalized majorization problem. It is worthwhile to mention that apart from purely combinatorial interest, the double generalized majorization problem has a strong impact on matrix and matrix pencils completion problems, bounded rank perturbation problems, and it has additional nice interpretation in the representation theory of Kronecker quivers.