Geodesic flows of c-projectively equivalent metrics are quantum integrable (Q2095622)

Consider a Kähler manifold \(M\) with a Riemannian metric \(g\) with its associated Levi-Civita connection \(\nabla\), and with compatible complex structure \(J\) with \(\Omega(\cdot,\cdot):=g(J\cdot,\cdot)\). As a generalization of geodesics on Riemannian manifolds, a smooth curve \(\gamma:I\to M\) on a Kähler manifold \((M,g,J)\) is called \textit{\(J\)-planar} if there exist two functions \(A,B:I\to \mathbb{R}\) satisfying that \(\nabla_{\dot{\gamma}}\dot{\gamma}=A(t)\dot{\gamma}+B(t)J(\dot{\gamma})\) on \(I:=(a,b)\subset \mathbb{R}\). Two Kähler metrics \(g,\tilde{g}\) are called to be \textit{c-projectively equivalent} if every \(J\)-planar curve of \(g\) is also a \(J\)-planar curve of \(\tilde{g}\). Equivalently, for the two Kähler metrics, we get a tensor \(A^{i}_{j}:=|\det \tilde{g}/ \det g|^{1/2(n+1)}\tilde{g}^{il}g_{lj}\), where \(\tilde{g}^{il}\tilde{g}_{lm}=\delta^{i}_{m}\), satisfying the equation, that we refer Theorem 1.5 of the paper under review. A c-compatible structure on a Kähler manifold \((M,g,J)\) is defined to be such a tensor \(A\). Given a c-compatible structure \((M,g,J,A)\) on a Kähler manifold, consider a one-parameter family of tensors defined by \(^{t}K^{ij}:=\sqrt{\det(tId-A)}(tId-A)^{-1}|^{i}_{l}g^{lj}\), for \(t\in \mathbb{R}\). Under the isomorphism \(\bigotimes_{k\geq 0} C^{\infty} (M,Sym^{k}(TM))\cong C^{\infty}_{polyn}(T^{*}M,\mathbb{R})\), the family of tensors \(^{t}K^{ij}\) corresponds to the a one-parameter family of functions \(^{t}I:T^{*}M\to \mathbb{R}\) on the cotangent bundle of \(M\) (we refer to Section 2.1, 5.1 of [\textit{D. M. J. Calderbank} et al., \(C\)-projective geometry. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (2020; Zbl 1482.53001)] as well). It is known that given a c-compatible structure \((M,g,J,A)\) on a Kähler manifold, for any two real numbers \(v,w\in \mathbb{R}\), the two corresponding functions \(^{v}I\) and \(^{w}I\) Poisson-commute, i.e., \(\{^{v}I,^{w}I\}=0\), see [\textit{A. V. Bolsinov} and \textit{V. S. Matveev}, J. Geom. Phys. 44, No. 4, 489--506 (2003; Zbl 1010.37035)]. A quantization of the theorem of [\textit{P. Topalov}, J. Math. Phys. 44, No. 2, 913--929 (2003; Zbl 1061.37042)] is the main result of the paper under review: Let \((M,g,J,A)\) be a c-compatible structure on a Kähler manifold. Denote the associated Killing tensors and integrals of the geodesic flow by \(K\), \(I\), respectively. Define a one-parameter family of quantum (differential) operators \(^{t}\hat{I}\) by \(^{t}\hat{I}(f):=-\nabla_{j}\circ ^{t}K^{jk}\circ \nabla_{k} f\), \(t\in \mathbb{R}\). Then for any two numbers \(v,w\in\mathbb{R}\), \([^{v}\hat{I},^{w}\hat{I}]=0\), the two quantum operators commute. An improved version of the theorem with the addition of potentials gives rise to commuting quantum observables for certain Hamiltonian systems (Theorem 2.5) and shows separation of variables for common eigenfunctions of the constructed differential operators (Theorem 2.16). If \(M\) is compact, one can construct a countable basis of \(L^{2}(M)\) using the simultaneous eigenfunctions of the commuting operators.