A theta identity of Gauss connecting functions from additive and multiplicative number theory (Q2097076)

Let $\alpha$ and $\beta$ be two nonnegative integers such that $\beta<\alpha$. For an arbitrary sequence \(\{a_n\}_{n \geq 1}\) of complex numbers, the author investigates linear combinations of the form \(\sum_{k\geq 1}S(\alpha k-\beta,n)a_k\), where \(S(k, n)\) is the total number of \(k\)'s in all the partitions of \(n\) into parts not congruent to 2 modulo 4. The primary goal of this paper is to find new connections between partitions and functions from the multiplicative number theory. The results proved in this article connect the seemingly disparate branches of additive and multiplicative number theory in new and interesting ways. For the entire collection see [Zbl 1478.11004].