On linear systems with multiple points on a rational normal curve (Q2100080)

The authors consider an interpolation problem for linear systems \(L=L_{n,d}(m_1,\dots,m_s)\) of hypersurfaces of degree \(d\) in \(\mathbb P^n\), passing through \(s\) points \(P_1,\dots,P_s\) with multiplicities (at least) \(m_i\) at \(P_i\). Such systems have an expected dimension, and the interpolation problem mainly consists of determining the value of \(\dim(L)\), and finding conditions which imply that the value is as expected. Even in the case when the \(P_i\)'s are general points in \(\mathbb P^n\) a complete answer is unknown, for \(n\geq 2\), though there are conjectures and partial results, expecially for the case of points in the plane. When the \(P_i\)'s are located in special position the interpolation problem is widely open. The authors consider the case of points contained in a rational normal curve \(C\). The main result provides the value of the dimension of \(L\) for any \(n,d,m_1,\dots,m_s\) and for a general choice of \(s\) points in \(C\). The formula is expressed recursively in terms of the numerical data. In the case where all multiplicities \(m_i\) are equal to \(2\), the formula determines an Alexander-Hirschowitz type theorem for points on a rational normal curve, which can be applied to the study of some special decompositions of symmetric tensors. The authors also point out that the blow-up \(X_s^n\) of \(\mathbb P^n\) at \(s\) points in the curve \(C\) is a Mori dream space, and the formula for \(\dim(L)\) is connected with the description of the nef cone and the Mori chamber decomposition of the effective cone of \(X_s^n\).