There is no Enriques surface over the integers (Q2100727)

This paper establishes the non-existence of Enriques surfaces over the ring of integers. The main idea is to study the local system of numerical classes of invertible sheaves. Theorem 1: The stack \({\mathcal{M}}_{\mathrm{Enr}}\) of Enriques surfaces has fiber category \({\mathcal{M}}_{\mathrm{Enr}}(\mathbb{Z})=\emptyset\). That is, there is no smooth proper family of Enriques surfaces over the ring of integers \(\mathbb{Z}\). Theorem 1 is a consequence of the following Theorem 2: There is no Enriques surface \(Y\) over \(k=\mathbb{F}_2\) that is non-exceptional and has constant Picard scheme \(\mathrm{Pic}_{Y/k}=(\mathbb{Z}^{\oplus 10}\oplus(\mathbb{Z} /2 \mathbb{Z})_k\). Theorem 2 is deduced from an explicit classification of geometrically rational elliptic surface \(\phi: J\to\mathbb{P}^1\) over \(k=\mathbb{F}_2\) that have constant Picard scheme and satisfy certain additional conditions. This is formulated in the following Theorem 3: Up to isomorphism, there are exactly \(11\) Weierstrass equation \(y^2+a_1xy+\cdots= x^3+a_2x^2+\cdots\) with coefficients \(a_i\in\mathbb{F}_2[t]\) that define a geometrically rational elliptic surface \(\phi: J\to\mathbb{P}^1\) with constant Picard scheme \(\mathrm{Pic}_{J/\mathbb{F}_2}\) having at most one rational point \(a\in\mathbb{P}^1\) where \(J_a\) is semistable or supersingular. This generalizes the non-existance results for families of etale schemes (Minkowski), elliptic curves (Tate and Ogg), abelian varieties and more general smooth proper schemes with certain restrictions on Hodge nubmers (Fontaine and Abrashkin).