Invariant conditional expectations and unique ergodicity for Anzai skew-products (Q2102737)

A \(C^*\)-dynamical system is a pair \((\mathfrak A, \Phi)\) made of a unital \(C^*\)-algebra \(\mathfrak A\) with unit \(I_{\mathfrak A}\) and a \(*\)-automorphism \(\Phi\) of \(\mathfrak A\). It is said to be uniquely ergodic with respect to the fixed point subalgebra \(\mathfrak A^{\Phi}=\{a\in\mathfrak A: \Phi(A)=a\}\) if the Cesáro averages \(\frac1n\sum\limits_{k=0}^{n-1}\Phi^k(a)\) converges to an element \(E(a)\) in norm for each \(a\in\mathfrak A\). It is well-known that \(E\) is a \(\Phi\)-invariant conditional expectation from \(\mathfrak A\) onto \(\mathfrak A^{\Phi}\). It is not known, however, whether the existence of a unique \(\Phi\)-invariant conditional expectation as above is enough to obtain unique ergodicity with respect to the fixed-point subalgebra, and this was indeed formulated as a question by \textit{B. Abadie} and \textit{K. Dykema} [J. Oper. Theory 61, No. 2, 279--294 (2009; Zbl 1199.46146)]. In this paper the authors consider this problem for the skew products constructed by \textit{H. Anzai} [Osaka Math. J. 3, 83--99 (1951; Zbl 0043.11203)]. Let \(X_0\) be a compact Hausdorff space and \(\theta_0\) a homeomorphism of \(X_0\). Then \((C(X_0), \Phi)\) is a dynamical system, where \(\Phi(f)=f\circ\theta_0\), \(\forall f\in C(X_0)\). \((X_0,\theta_0)\) is simply called a dynamical system. A dynamical system of the above type is uniquely ergodic if there is only one regular Borel probability measure \(\mu_0\) (i.e., a positive normalised Radon measure) on \(X_0\) such that \(\mu_0=\mu_0\circ\theta_0\). A triplet \((X_0,\theta_0, \mu_0)\) denotes such a dynamical system. Let \(\mathbb T\) be the unit circle. For any \(f\in C(X_0; \mathbb T)\), Anzai's skew-product \(\Phi_{\theta_0,f}\) on \(X_0\times \mathbb T\) is defined as: \[ \Phi_{\theta_0,f}(x,z)=(\theta_0(x), f(x)z), \ \ \ \ \ \forall (x,z)\in X_0\times \mathbb T. \] Note that \(\Phi_{\theta_0,f}\) is a homeomorphism of \(X_0\times \mathbb T\). The following result is proved. Theorem. Let \((X_0, \theta_0,\mu_0)\) be a uniquely ergodic dynamical system, together with Anzai's skew product \(\Phi_{\theta_0,f}\) associated to \(f\in C(X_0; \mathbb T)\). Then the following statements are equivalent: \begin{itemize} \item[(1)] \(\Phi_{\theta_0,f}\) is uniquely ergodic with respect to the fixed-point subalgebra; \item[(2)] There exists only one \(\Phi_{\theta_0,f}\)-invariant conditional expectation onto the fixed-point subalgebra. \end{itemize}