Hilbert's Nullstellensatz for analytic trigonometric polynomials (Q2105647)

If \(\left\{p_{j}\right\}_{j=1}^{n}\), \(n\geq 2\), is a set of analytic polynomials which have no common zero in the finite complex plane \(\mathbb{C}\), Hilbert's Nullstellensatz Theorem for analytic polynomials asserts that there exist analytic polynomials \(\left\{q_{j}\right\}_{j=1}^{n}\) such that \[ \sum_{j=1}^{n} p_{j} q_{j}=1. \] Inspiring from the relationship between Hilbert's Nullstellensatz and Pythagoras' Identity, the authors establish the Hilbert's Nullstellensatz for analytic trigonometric polynomials: An analytic trigonometric polynomial \(f\) with degree \(\deg f=m\geq 0\) is an entire function obeying the expansion \[ f(z)=\sum_{j=0}^{m}\left(a_{j} \sin j z+b_{j} \cos j z\right), \; \forall z \in \mathbb{C}, \] where \(a_{j}, b_{j} \in \mathbb{C}\), \(\forall j \in\{0,1, \ldots, m\}\), and \(\left|a_{m}\right|+\left|b_{m}\right|>0\). The authors prove that for a given integer \(n \geq 2\), and a set \(\left\{f_{j}\right\}_{j=1}^{n}\) of analytic trigonometric polynomials having no common zero in \(\mathbb{C}\) with \( \max _{1 \leq j \leq n} \deg f_{j}=\mathrm{d},\) there exist analytic trigonometric polynomials \(\left\{g_{j}\right\}_{j=1}^{n}\) such that \[ \max _{1 \leq j \leq n} \deg g_{j} \leq 3\mathrm{d}-1 \text{ and }\sum_{j=1}^{n} f_{j} g_{j}=1. \] The paper concludes with remarking that this result strengthens Helmer's Principal Ideal Theorem as well as reaching the complex Pythagoras' Identity via Hilbert's Nullstellensatz for analytic polynomials.