Ramanujan-style congruences for prime level (Q2106544)

The prototype of a Ramanujan congruence asserts that \(\tau(n) \equiv \sigma_{11}(n) \mod 691\) for every positive integer \(n\); it means we have (coefficient-wise) congruence between the unique cusp form \(\Delta(z) = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\tau(n)e^{2\pi inz}\) of weight \(12\) and level \(1\) and the normalized Eisenstein series \(E_{12}(z)\). There are several well-known ways to prove, interpret and generalize this [\textit{B. Datskovsky} and \textit{P. Guerzhoy}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 124, No. 8, 2283--2291 (1996; Zbl 0864.11023); \textit{N. Billerey} and \textit{R. Menares}, Math. Res. Lett. 23, No. 1, 15--41 (2016; Zbl 1417.11094); \textit{N. Dummigan} and \textit{D. Fretwell}, J. Number Theory 143, 248--261 (2014; Zbl 1304.11027); \textit{R. Gaba} and \textit{A. A. Popa}, J. Number Theory 193, 48--73 (2018; Zbl 1441.11100)]. The authors establish Ramanujan-style congruences modulo certain primes between an Eisenstein series of weight \(k\), prime level \(p\) and a cuspidal newform in the \(\epsilon\)-eigenspace of the Atkin-Lehner operator inside the space \(S_k(p)\) of cusp forms of weight \(k\) for \(\Gamma_0(p)\) (Theorems 1.2 and 1.3). As an application they give a non-trivial lower bound of the degree of the number field generated by all normalized eigenforms in the space \(S_k(p)\).