Hamiltonian systems on almost cosymplectic manifolds (Q2107518)

It is known that the classical theory of Hamiltonian systems on symplectic manifolds can be carried out also on their odd-dimensional counterparts, namely contact manifolds. This paper studies Hamiltonian systems on the more general class of \textit{almost cosymplectic manifolds} (introduced by \textit{P. Libermann} in [Centre Belge Rech. math., Colloque Géom. diff. globale, 37--59 (1959; Zbl 0095.36803)]), i.e., odd-dimensional manifolds endowed with a 1-form \(\theta\) and a 2-form \(\Omega\) such that \(\theta \wedge \Omega^n \neq 0\). The particular case of contact manifolds is recovered by imposing \(\Omega = d \theta\), while that of cosymplectic manifolds by \(d\theta = 0\) and \(d\Omega=0\). These structures (and further variations and generalisations of them) are reviewed in the appendix of the paper. The main result of this paper (Theorem 1 in Section 3) establishes the equations of motions, and describes the Hamiltonian vector fields, on arbitrary almost cosymplectic manifolds. As a particular case, the author recovers the results by \textit{C. Albert} [J. Geom. Phys. 6, No. 4, 627--649 (1989; Zbl 0712.53017)] regarding Hamiltonian systems on manifolds with a \textit{transitive} almost contact structure. This is an almost contact structure \((\theta,\Omega)\) such that \(d \Omega = 0\) and \(d \theta = -\epsilon \Omega\), for a real \(\epsilon\), and the cases of contact and cosymplectic manifolds are recovered, respectively, by \(\epsilon = -1\) and \(\epsilon = 0\). The original motivation of the paper lies in understanding the differences between the equations of motions on the classical (even-dimensional) Siegel-Jacobi upper half-plane \(X^J_n\) and on the (odd-dimensional) \textit{extended} Siegel-Jacobi upper half-plane \(\tilde{X}^J_n \cong X^J_n \times \mathbb{R}\), introduced by the author in [J. Geom. Phys. 162, Article ID 104049, 20 p. (2021; Zbl 1462.32015)]. Using the fact that \(\tilde{X}^J_n\) is a homogeneous space (for the real Jacobi group \(G^J_n = H_n(\mathbb{R}) \rtimes \mathrm{Sp}(n,\mathbb{R})\)), it is proved in Section 4 that \(\tilde{X}^J_n\) is naturally endowed with an almost cosymplectic structure \((\theta,\Omega)\), which moreover satisfies \(d\Omega = 0\) (such structure is called \textit{generalised transitive} almost cosymplectic by the author). Accordingly, the results of Section 3 are applied to Hamiltonian systems on the 5-dimensional extended Siegel-Jacobi upper half-plane \(\tilde{X}^J_1\); a comparison is also made with the equations of motion on \(\tilde{X}^J_1\) viewed as a contact hamiltonian system. Lastly, the author singles out the terms appearing in the equation of motions due to the extra variable on \(\tilde{X}^J_1 \cong X^J_1 \times \mathbb{R}\); ineglegting such terms one recovers the Riccati equations of motion on the 4-dimensional Siegel-Jacobi space \(X^J_1\) described by the author in [Int. J. Geom. Methods Mod. Phys. 10, No. 1, Paper No. 1250076, 18 p. (2013; Zbl 1262.81070)].