Monoidally graded manifolds (Q2107520)

The notiont of a supermanifold appeared in the late 70s when mathematicians tried to understand the concept by attaching Grassmann algebras locally to a manifold [\textit{B. Kostant}, Lect. Notes Math. 570, 177--306 (1977; Zbl 0358.53024)]. It has been realized since \textit{E. Witten} [J. Differ. Geom. 17, 661--692 (1982; Zbl 0499.53056)] published a seminal paper relating Morse theory to supersymmetric quantum mechanics that there exists a very deep connection between supersymmetric theories in physics and cohomology theories in mathematics. Such a connection is established by updating the language of \(\mathbb{Z}_{2}\)-graded manifolds to the language of \(\mathbb{Z}\)-graded manifold [\textit{A. S. Cattaneo} and \textit{F. Schätz}, Rev. Math. Phys. 23, No. 6, 669--690 (2011; Zbl 1223.58006); \textit{M. Fairon}, Eur. J. Math. 3, No. 2, 208--222 (2017; Zbl 1386.58001)], where one major achievement is the AKSZ formalism of topological quantum field theories, the topological sigma model [\textit{E. Witten}, Commun. Math. Phys. 118, No. 3, 411--449 (1988; Zbl 0674.58047)] being reinterpreted in the language of so-called Q-manifolds. In topological quantum field theories of Witten type, one can obtain useful invariants of smooth manifolds by observing that \[ \mathcal{O}:=\sum_{p}\mathcal{O}_{{}}^{\left( p\right) } \] with observables \(\mathcal{O}_{{}}^{\left( p\right) }\)\ is closed in the total complex of some bicomplex with horizontal differential \(d\)\ and vertical differential \(Q\)\ obtained by applying a change of coordinates to the variational bicomplex of a fiber bundle [\textit{S. Jiang}, ``Mathematical structures of cohomological field theories'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:2202.12425}], so that it is interesting to study \(\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{Z}\)-graded manifolds. Following the algebraic-geometric approaches in [\textit{C. Bartocci} et al., The geometry of supermanifolds. Dordrecht etc.: Kluwer Academic Publishers (1991; Zbl 0743.53001); \textit{C. Carmeli} et al., Mathematical foundations of supersymmetry. Zürich: European Mathematical Society (EMS) (2011; Zbl 1226.58003); \textit{E. Keßler}, Supergeometry, super Riemann surfaces and the superconformal action functional. Cham: Springer (2019; Zbl 1423.81006); \textit{B. Kostant}, Lect. Notes Math. 570, 177--306 (1977; Zbl 0358.53024); \textit{D. A. Leites}, Russ. Math. Surv. 35, No. 1, 1--64 (1980; Zbl 0462.58002); \textit{Y. I. Manin}, Gauge field theory and complex geometry. Transl. from the Russian by N. Koblitz and J. R. King. Berlin etc.: Springer-Verlag (1988; Zbl 0641.53001); \textit{Y. I. Manin}, Gauge field theory and complex geometry. Transl. from the Russian by N. Koblitz and J. R. King. With an appendix by S. Merkulov. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer (1997; Zbl 0884.53002)], this paper gives a definition of \(\mathcal{I}\)-graded manifolds, where \(\mathcal{I}\)\ is an arbitrary commutative semi-ring with some additional properties. The techniques in [\textit{Y. I. Manin}, Gauge field theory and complex geometry. Transl. from the Russian by N. Koblitz and J. R. King. Berlin etc.: Springer-Verlag (1988; Zbl 0641.53001); \textit{Y. I. Manin}, Gauge field theory and complex geometry. Transl. from the Russian by N. Koblitz and J. R. King. With an appendix by S. Merkulov. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer (1997; Zbl 0884.53002)] is applied to give a proof of Batchelor's theorem claiming that every \(\mathcal{I}\)-graded manifold is to be obtained from an \(\mathcal{I}\)-graded vector bundle.