An algebra over the operad of posets and structural binomial identities (Q2108054)

To any poset \(P\) two formal series \(\zeta(P)\) and \(\zeta_+(P)\) are attached, called the strict and non-strict order series, counting the number of strict and non-strict order preserving maps from \(P\) to a chain. These objects are related to Ehrhart polynomials. Two associative products are defined on posets: the disjoint union (commutative) and a vertical concatenation (non commutative), making posets an algebra over an operad of posets denoted by \(SP\). It is shown that formal series are also an algebra over \(SP\), with Cauchy and Hadamard product, and that \(\zeta\) is an \(SP\)-algebra morphism from posets to formal series. A similar result holds for \(\zeta_+\) with a deformation of the Cauchy product. The problem of representativity of a formal series is then studied: given a formal series \(f\), is it possible to find a poset \(P\) such that \(f=\zeta(P)\)? It is first observed that \(\zeta(P)\) is a linear combination of strict-order series of chains. A new family of posets is introduced, called Wixarika: they are generated from the poset with one vertex using the vertical concatenation and a new operation consisting of adding a handle. For a given formal series \(f\), an algorithm is given to find all possible Wixarika posets \(P\) such that \(\zeta(P)=f\). These formal series are used to give new identities on binomial coefficients (generalizations of Chu-Vandermonde identity), on finite partitions that allow for empty sets and to study properties of the negative hypergeometric distribution.