Semi-modular forms from Fibonacci-Eisenstein series (Q2111882)

In this article, the authors construct new examples of semi-modular forms from Fibonacci numbers and Lucas sequences. Let \(\{L_n(a,b)\}_{n\ge 0}\) be the Lucas sequence for \(a,b\in\mathbb Z\) and \(n\ge 2\) defined by the recursion \(L_n(a,b)=aL_{n-1}(a,b)-bL_{n-2}(a,b)\). This sequence is determined by the initial values \(L_n(a,b)\) for \(n=0,1\). In particular, the \(n\)-th Fibonacci number \(F_n=L_n(1,-1)\) when \(L_0(1,-1)=0,L_1(1,-1)=1\). Let \(b=-1\) and \(a\ne 0\). For negative integers \(n\), put \(L_n(a,-1)=(-1)^nL_{-n}(a,-1)\). Further let the initial values \((L_0(a,-1),L_1(a,-1))=(0,1)\) or \((2,a)\). For \(z\in\mathbb C\) and a positive even integer \(m\), they consider a form \(\mathfrak{L}_{a,m}(z)=\sum_{j=-\infty}^{\infty}(L_j(a,-1)z+L_{j-1}(a,-1))^{-m}\) and show that \(\mathfrak{L}_{a,m}(z)\) has the following transformation properties; \(\mathfrak{L}_ {a,m}(-1/z)=z^m\mathfrak{L}_{a,m}(z),~\mathfrak{L}_{a,m}(a-z)=\mathfrak{L}_{a,m}(z)\). This form behaves as a modular form of weight \(m\) for the action of the matrices \(S=\left(\begin{smallmatrix} 0&-1 \\ 1&0\end{smallmatrix}\right)\) and \(P_a=\left(\begin{smallmatrix} -1&a\\ 0&1\end{smallmatrix}\right)\) which generate \(\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathbb Z)\) with the matrix \(T=\left(\begin{smallmatrix} 1&1\\ 0&1\end{smallmatrix}\right)\).