Frame properties of Hilbert-Schmidt operator sequences (Q2112022)

Let \({\mathcal H}\) and \({\mathcal K}\) be Hilbert spaces and let \(C_2\) denote the Hilbert space consisting of all Hilbert-Schmidt operators on \({\mathcal K}.\) A sequence of bounded operators \({\mathcal G}_j\in {\mathcal B(H, C_2)},\ j\in J,\) is said to be a \(HS\)-frame for \({\mathcal H}\) with respect to \({\mathcal K}\) if there exist constants \(0 < A \leq B < \infty\) such that \[ A\|f\|^2 \leq \sum_{j\in J}\|{\mathcal G}_j f\|_2^2 \leq B\|f\|^2\ \ \forall f\in {\mathcal H}. \] This notion was introduced in [\textit{G. Sadeghi} and \textit{A. Arefijamaal}, Mediterr. J. Math. 9, No. 3, 525--535 (2012; Zbl 1266.46010)] and it is a more general concept than that of \(g\)-frame [\textit{W. Sun}, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 322, No. 1, 437--452 (2006; Zbl 1129.42017)], in the sense that a certain sequence of operators associated with a \(g\)-frame (known as a DSI-sequence) is an \(HS\)-frame. This contrasts with Theorem 2.2, where it is proved that an \(HS\)-Riesz basis is never a \(g\)-Riesz basis (unless it consists of a single element). Next, the authors present an operator parametric expression for \(HS\)-frames as well as for other related notions, including for example \(HS\)-Bessel sequences or \(HS\)-Riesz basis. To clarify the kind of obtained results, we mention one of them. Let \(\{{\mathcal E}_j\}_{j\in J}\) be an \(HS\)-orthonormal basis for \({\mathcal H}\) with respect to \({\mathcal K}.\) Then the \(HS\)-frames for \({\mathcal H}\) with respect to \({\mathcal K}\) are precisely the sets \(\{{\mathcal E}_jU\}_{j\in J}\) where \(U\) is a bounded and surjective operator on \({\mathcal H}.\) The paper also includes a representation of orthogonal projections in terms of subspaces \(HS\)-frames.