Isomorphism and diffeomorphism of semisimple Lie groups (Q2112333)

This paper deals with semisimple real Lie groups and their topological properties. The author studies the relation between the diffeomorphism and isomorphism of arbitrary semisimple Lie groups. I quote the author's motivation from this paper: ``Two isomorphic Lie groups will, of course, be diffeomorphic (as smooth manifolds) and even isomorphic (as analytic manifolds). The natural question of whether the opposite is true arises: will Lie groups be isomorphic if they are diffeomorphic? In the general case, the answer is categorically negative or, e.g., any simply connected solvable Lie group is diffeomorphic to a Euclidian space \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\) which can be considered as an Abelian Lie group of corresponding dimensions.'' Theorem 1 [\textit{H. Toda}, Jpn. J. Math., New Ser. 2, 355--360 (1976; Zbl 0355.22007)]. If two compact, simply connected (and, therefore, semisimple) Lie groups \(K_{i} (i = 1, 2)\) have isomorphic homotopy groups \(\pi_{k}(K_{i})\) (at all \(2 \le k < \infty)\), they are isomorphic. In particular, we then have the following statement: Corollary 1. If two compact, simply connected (and, therefore, semisimple) Lie groups \(K_{i} (i = 1, 2)\) are diffeomorphic, they are isomorphic. Theorem 2. If two simply connected real simple Lie groups \(S_{i} (i = 1, 2)\) are diffeomorphic, they are isomorphic. To prove Theorem 2, the author cites the list of all the noncompact simple Lie algebras \(s\), their maximum semisimple compact Lie subalgebras \(k_{s}\), and also their real dimensions (see, e.g., [\textit{Eh. B. Vinberg} et al., Itogi Nauki Tekh., Ser. Sovrem. Probl. Mat., Fundam. Napravleniya 41, 259 p. (1990; Zbl 0733.22003)]). Let us cite this list: \(K_{s}=su(n):s=sl(n,\mathbb{C}),su(1,q),sp(2n,\mathbb{R}),u(n,\mathbb{H}),E_{7}V\), \(K_{s}=so(n):s=so(n,\mathbb{C}),sl(n,\mathbb{R}),so(2,q),F_{4}II,E_{6}III,E_{8}VIII\), \(K_{s}=sp(n):s=sp(2n,\mathbb{C}),sl(n,\mathbb{H}),E_{6}I\), \(K_{s}=G_{2}:s=G_{2}(\mathbb{C})\), \(K_{s}=F_{4}:s=F_{4}(\mathbb{C}),E_{6}IV\), \(K_{s}=E_{6}:s=E_{6}(\mathbb{C}),E_{7}VII\), \(K_{s}=E_{7}:s=E_{7}(\mathbb{C})\), \(K_{s}=E_{8}:s=E_{8}(\mathbb{C})\), \(K_{s}=su(p)\oplus su(q):s=su(p,q),E_{6}II\), \(K_{s}=so(p)\oplus so(q):s=so(p,q),G_{2}I\), \(K_{s}=sp(p)\oplus sp(q):s=sp(p,q)\), \(K_{s}=su(2)\oplus E_{7}:s=E_{8}IX\), \(K_{s}=su(2)\oplus sp(3):s=F_{4}I\). The author demonstrates that a simple Lie algebra is uniquely defined by its dimension and maximum semisimple compact subalgebra by using the above list. This will give us the proof of Theorem 2. Furthermore, the author has the following results: Theorem 5. If two adjoint simple Lie groups \(S_{i} (i = 1, 2)\) are diffeomorphic, they are isomorphic. Theorem 6. If two adjoint semisimple Lie groups \(S_{i} (i = 1, 2)\) are diffeomorphic and one of them is simple, they are isomorphic.