New characterizations of the Whitney spheres and the contact Whitney spheres (Q2113585)

The authors of this paper obtain in the first part, an optimal integral inequality for compact Lagrangian submanifolds in the complex space forms of holomorphic curvature \(4c\) with almost complex structure \(J\) that involves the Ricci curvature in the direction \(J\vec{H}\) (\(\vec{H}\) is the mean curvature vector field ) and the norm of the covariant differentiation of the second fundamental form \(h\) and for compact Legendrian submanifolds in the Sasakian space forms with Sasakian structure \((\varphi , \xi , \eta , g)\) and constant \(\varphi\) sectional curvature that involves the Ricci curvature in the direction \(\varphi \vec{H}\) and the norm of the modified covariant differentiation of the second fundamental form in the second part. The equality holds if and only if either the Lagrangian submanifolds (Legendrian submanifolds) have parallel second fundamental form or it is one of the Whitney spheres in the complex space forms (respectively C-parallel second fundamental form or is one of the contact Whitney spheres in the Sasakian space forms). They obtain new and global characterizations for the Whitney spheres (for the contact Whitney spheres) in complex space forms (respectively, in Sasakian space forms). The authors prove an similar result for the Whitney spheres in the complex space forms as in [\textit{I. Castro} et al., Pac. J. Math. 199, No. 2, 269--302 (2001; Zbl 1057.53063); \textit{A. Ros} and \textit{F. Urbano}, J. Math. Soc. Japan 50, No. 1, 203--226 (1998; Zbl 0906.53037)], that the contact Whitney spheres are locally conformally flat manifolds and with non-constant sectional curvatures.