Variants of multiple zeta values with even and odd summation indices (Q2114185)

Let \(\mathbf{k}=(k_1,\dots,k_r)\) be an \(r\)-tuple of positive integers, called the composition of depth \(r\). It is called admissible if \(k_i\ge 2\). The multiple harmonic sum (with bound \(n\)) is defined by \[ \zeta_n(\mathbf{k})=\zeta_n(k_1,\dots,k_r)=\sum_{0<m_1<\dots <m_r\le n}\frac{1}{m_1^{k_1}\dots m_r^{k_r}}. \] The well-known multiple zeta-values (MZVs) are the limiting case \[ \zeta(\mathbf{k})=\zeta(k_1,\dots,k_r)=\lim_{n\to \infty}\zeta_n(\mathbf{k})=\sum_{0<m_1<\dots <m_r}\frac{1}{m_1^{k_1}\dots m_r^{k_r}} \] whose variants are the main subject of study in recent years as well as in the paper. If the strict inequalities are loosened to include equalities, they are called the multiple harmonic star sum and the limiting case is multiple zeta star value (MZSV). \[ \zeta_n^\ast(\mathbf{k})=\zeta_n^\ast(k_1,\dots,k_r)=\sum_{0<m_1\le \dots \le m_r\le n}\frac{1}{m_1^{k_1}\dots m_r^{k_r}}. \] For two compositions \(\mathbf{k}=(k_1,\dots,k_r)\) and \(\mathbf{l}=(l_1,\dots,l_s)\), Kaneko-Yamamoto introduced a new type MZV, called (K-YMZV) defined by \[ \zeta(\mathbf{k}\circledast \mathbf{l}^\ast)=\sum_{0<m_1< \dots < m_r=n_s\ge \dots\ge n_1>0}\frac{1}{m_1^{k_1}\dots m_r^{k_r}n_1^{l_1}\dots n_s^{l_s}}. \] \textit{M. Kaneko} and \textit{S. Yamamoto} [Sel. Math., New Ser. 24, No. 3, 2499--2521 (2018; Zbl 1435.11114)] presented a new ``integral\(=\)series'' type identity of MZVs, and conjectured that this identity is enough to describe all \(\mathbb{Q}\)-linear relations of MZVs. The authors consider the other variant of MZVs, the MMVs (multiple mixed values) which are MZVs with parity (of level \(2\)): \[ \zeta(\mathbf{k};\mathbf{\varepsilon})=\sum_{0<m_1<\dots <m_r}\frac{(1+\varepsilon_1{(-1)}^{m_1})\dots (1+\varepsilon_r{(-1)}^{m_r})}{m_1^{k_1}\dots m_r^{k_r}}, \tag{1.2} \] where \(\mathbf{\varepsilon}=(\varepsilon_1,\dots,\varepsilon_r)\in {\{\pm 1\}}^r\) is the signature and \(\mathbf{k}\) is a composition. By the same symbol MZV (MMV etc.), the \(\mathbb{Q}\)-linear space generated by MZVs (MMVs etc.) is denoted. MMVo (resp. MMVe) is generated by all MMVs whose smallest summation index in (1.2) is odd (resp. even). MMV is a subspace of the space of alternating MZVs. The authors develop the double shuffle relations of the MMVs, regularized MMVs, etc., and prove many results. Among other things, the relation on p. 3141 \[ \mathrm{MSV} \subset \mathrm{MVo}, \quad \mathrm{MZV} \subset \mathrm{MtV }\cap \mathrm{MTV} \cap \mathrm{MSV}, \quad \mathrm{MMV} \overset{?}{=} \mathrm{MMVe} \] shows the state-of-the-art situation of research, where some intermediate spaces are due to the Kaneko school.