Multiplicities of some maximal dominant weights of the \(\widehat{s\ell }(n)\)-modules \(V (k \Lambda_0)\) (Q2118271)

Affine Lie algebras form an important class of infinite-dimensional Kac-Moody Lie algebras. The representation theory of affine Lie algebras have applications in many areas of mathematics and physics. For an affine Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{g}\) and a dominant integral weight \(\lambda\), there is a unique (up to isomorphism) integrable representation of \(\mathfrak{g}\) with highest weight \(\lambda\). Denoting the corresponding \(\mathfrak{g}\)-module by \(V(\lambda)\), determining the multiplicities of the weights of \(V(\lambda)\) is still an open problem. A weight \(\mu\) of \(V(\lambda)\) is said to be maximal if \(\mu + \delta\) is not a weight where \(\delta\) is the null root of \(\mathfrak{g}\). Maximal weights form a roof-like structure for the set of weights of \(V(\lambda)\). Any maximal weight is Weyl group conjugate to a maximal dominant weight. There are finitely-many maximal dominant weights of \(V(\lambda)\). In order to determine multiplicities of all maximal weights it suffices to determine the multiplicities of the maximal dominant weights. Let \(n \geq 2\), and consider the affine Lie algebra \(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}(n)\) with simple roots \(\{\alpha_i \mid 0 \leq i \leq n-1\}\). Let \(V(k\Lambda_0), \, k \in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 1}\), denote the integrable highest weight \(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}(n)\)-module with highest weight \(k\Lambda_0\). There are finitely-many maximal dominant weights of \(V(k\Lambda_0)\). Using the crystal base realization of \(V(k\Lambda_0)\) and lattice path combinatorics, R. L. Jayne and K. C. Misra determine the multiplicities of a large set of maximal dominant weights of the form \(k\Lambda_0 - \lambda^\ell_{a,b}\), where \( \lambda^\ell_{a,b} = \ell\alpha_0 + (\ell-b)\alpha_1 + (\ell-(b+1))\alpha_2 + \ldots + \alpha_{\ell-b} + \alpha_{n-\ell+a} + 2\alpha_{n - \ell+a+1} + \ldots + (\ell-a)\alpha_{n-1}\), \(k \geq a+b\), \(a,b \in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 1}\), and \(\max\{a,b\} \leq \ell \leq \left \lfloor \frac{n+a+b}{2} \right \rfloor-1 \). The authors show that these weight multiplicities are given by the number of certain pattern avoiding permutations of \(\{1, 2, 3, \ldots, \ell\}\).