Filling metric spaces (Q2119899)

The authors prove a new version of the isoperimetric inequality: Given a positive real \(m\), a Banach space \(B\), a closed subset \(Y\) of a metric space \(X\), and a continuous map \(f: Y \to B\) with \(f(Y)\) compact \[ \inf_F HC_{m+1} \big( F(X) \big) \leq c(m) HC_m \big( F(Y) \big)^{\frac{m+1}{m}}, \] where \(HC_m\) denotes the m-dimensional Hausdorff content, the infimum is taken over the set of all continuous maps \(F: X \to B\) such that \(F(y)=f(y)\) for all \(y \in Y\), and \(c(m)\) depends only on \(m\). Moreover, one can find \(F\) with a nearly minimal \(HC_{m+1}\) such that its image lies in the \(C(m) HC_m \big( F(Y) \big)^{\frac{1}{m}}\)-neighborhood of \(f(Y)\) with the exception of a subset of zero \((m+1)\)-dimensional Hausdorff measure. The paper also contains a very general coarea inequality for the Hausdorff content and its modifications. As an application they demonstrate an inequality conjectured by Larry Guth that relates the \(m\)-dimensional Hausdorff content of a compact metric space with its \((m-1)\)-dimensional Urysohn width. They show that this result implies new systolic inequalities that both strengthen the classical Gromov's systolic inequality for essential Riemannian manifolds and extend this inequality to a wider class of non-simply-connected manifolds. The authors overcome many difficulties to get some important results. The paper is important and interesting in some fields, such as fractal geometry, differential geometric analysis and so on.