Deformations of overconvergent isocrystals on the projective line (Q2127202)

A local system \(L\) on a nonempty Zariski open subset \(U\) of \(\mathbb{P}^{1,\mathrm{an}}_{\mathbb{C}}\) that is determined by its local monodromy is called a physically rigid local system. \textit{N. M. Katz} [Rigid local systems. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press (1996; Zbl 0864.14013)] proved that if \(L\) is irreducible, then being physically rigid is equivalent to the vanishing of the intersection (= parabolic) cohomology \(H^1_p(\mathrm{End}(L)):=H^{1}(\mathbb{P}^{1,\mathrm{an}}_{\mathbb{C}}, j_{\ast}\mathrm{End}(L))\), where \(j\colon U \to \mathbb{P}^{1}_{\mathbb{C}}\) is the open immersion. In a precise sense, the intersection cohomology space can be regarded as the tangent space to \(L\) in a suitable moduli stack. The analogue of a local system in rigid cohomology is an overconvergent isocrystal. It is also reasonable to regard the restriction of the isocrystal to the Robba rings of the punctures as a replacement of data of local monodromy. Thus one can define the notion of a physically rigid isocrystal. For an absolutely irreducible overconvergent F-isocrystal, \textit{R. Crew} [Doc. Math. 22, 287--296 (2017; Zbl 1391.14038)] showed that ``vanishing parabolic cohomology'' \(\Longrightarrow\) ``physically rigid'', i.e., the analogue of Katz's theorem holds. In the article under review, the author studies the local deformation theory of isocrystals. The author proves that the rigid cohomology groups \(H^1(\mathrm{End}(L))\), \(H^1_c(\mathrm{End}(L))\), \(H^1_{p}(\mathrm{End}(L))\) are Zariski tangent spaces of some functors of artin rings, and these deformation functors have hulls if, for example, \(\mathrm{End}(L)\) admits a Frobenius structure. If moreover \(L\) is absolutely irreducible, some smoothness and pro-representability results about these functors are proved.