Auto-correlation functions of Sato-Tate distributions and identities of symplectic characters (Q2131756)

In this paper, the authors compute integrals of the form \[ \int_H\prod_{j=1}^m\det(I+x_j\gamma)d\gamma, \] where \(H\leq\mathrm{USp}(4)\) is a Sato-Tate group and \(m\in\mathbb{Z}_{\geq1}\). More specifically, in Theorem 1.1, such integrals are expressed as linear combinations of irreducible characters of \(\mathrm{Sp}(2m)\): \[ (x_1\cdots x_m)^2\sum_{b=0}^m\sum_{z=0}^{\left\lfloor\frac{m-b}{2}\right\rfloor}\mathfrak{m}_{b+2z,b}\chi_{(2^{m-b-2z},1^{2z})}^{\mathrm{Sp}(2m)}. \] Before stating Theorem 1.1, the authors contextualise their result with a detailed historical overview of the connections between random matrices and number theory. Further details about Sato-Tate groups are provided in Section 2. To prove Theorem 1.1, the authors convert the computation into branching rules for \(\mathrm{USp}(4)\), which they study using crystals and other methods.