Nearly outer functions as extreme points in punctured Hardy spaces (Q2131775)

Let \(H^1\) be the Hardy space, \(\{\hat{f}(k)\,/\,k\in\mathbb{Z}\}\) the sequence of Fourier coefficients of a function \(f\) in \(H^1\), \(\mathcal{K}\) a finite set of positive integers, and \[ H_{\mathcal{K}}^1=\{f\in H^1\,/\,\hat{f}(k)=0\text{ for all }k\in\mathcal{K}\}. \] A classical result of \textit{K. de Leeuw} and \textit{W. Rudin} [Pac. J. Math. 8, 467--485 (1958; Zbl 0084.27503)] identifies the extreme points of the unit ball in \(H^1\) as outer functions (a point of ball(\(H^1\)) is said to be extreme if it is not the midpoint of any nondegenerate line segment contained in ball(\(H^1\))). In this very interesting paper, the author characterizes the extreme points of the ball in \(H_{\mathcal{K}}^1\) as unit-norm functions which are not too far from being outer. His main result states that \(f\) in \(H_{\mathcal{K}}^1\) with \(\| f\|_1=1\) is an extreme point of ball(\(H_{\mathcal{K}}^1\)) if and only if: (a) The inner function \(I\) in its canonical factorization is a finite Blaschke product of degree not exceeding \(\#\mathcal{K}\); (b) The rank of a certain matrix, built from the outer factor of \(f\) and the zeros of \(I\), is twice the degree of \(I\). The author also proves that if \(f\) is an extreme point of ball(\(H_{\mathcal{K}}^1\)) and \(1/f\) is in the space \(L^1\) of integrable functions on the circle, then \(f\) is an exposed point of the ball, that is, there is a functional \(\phi\in (H_{\mathcal{K}}^1)^*\) of norm 1 such that \[ \{g \in \text{ball}(H_{\mathcal{K}}^1)\,/\,\phi(g)=1\}=\{f\}. \]