On the uniqueness of the \(n\)-fold pseudo-hyperspace suspension for locally connected continua (Q2131789)

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On the uniqueness of the \(n\)-fold pseudo-hyperspace suspension for locally connected continua
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    On the uniqueness of the \(n\)-fold pseudo-hyperspace suspension for locally connected continua (English)
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    27 April 2022
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    A continuum is a compact connected nondegenerate metric space. By a hyperspace of a continuum \(X\) we mean a specified collection of subsets of \(X\) endowed with the Hausdorff metric. Given a continuum and \(n\in \mathbb N\), we consider its hyperspaces: \[ \begin{aligned} 2^{X} &= \{A\subseteq X \mid A \text{ is closed and nonempty}\},\\ \mathcal{C}_{n}(X) &= \{A\in 2^{X}\mid A \text{ has at most \(n\) components}\}, \text{ and}\\ \mathcal{F}_{n}(X) &= \{A\in 2^{X}\mid A \text{ has at most \(n\) points}\}. \end{aligned} \] We topologize these sets with the Hausdorff metric. \textit{J. C. Macías} [Glas. Mat., III. Ser. 43, No. 2, 439--449 (2008; Zbl 1160.54005)] introduced the notion of the \textit{\(n\)-fold pseudo-hyperspace suspension} of a continuum \(X\) denoted by \(\mathcal{PHS}_n(X)\), and defined it as the quotient space: \[ \mathcal{PHS}_n(X)=\mathcal{C}_n(X)/ \mathcal{F}_1(X), \] topologized with the quotient topology. On the other hand, given a continuum \(X\), let \(\mathcal{H}(X)\) be any of the hyperspaces \(2^X, \mathcal{C}_{n}(X), \mathcal{F}_{n}(X)\). The continuum \(X\) is said to have unique hyperspace \(\mathcal{H}(X)\) provided that the following implication holds: if \(Y\) is a continuum and \(\mathcal{H}(X)\) is homeomorphic to \(\mathcal{H}(Y)\), then \(X\) is homeomorphic to \(Y\). The purpose of the paper under review is to prove that meshed continua have unique \(n\)-fold pseudo-hyperspace suspension, for \(n > 1\). The authors also pose the following open question: Let \(X\) be a locally connected continuum such that \(X\) is not almost meshed and let \(n \in \mathbb{N}\). Does \(X\) have unique hyperspace \(\mathcal{PHS}_n(X)\)?
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    continuum
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    meshed
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    hyperspace
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    \(n\)-fold pseudo-hyperspace suspension
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    unique hyperspace
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