On approximation of hypersingular integral operators by bounded ones (Q2134427)

Denote by \(\mathbb{K}\) the family of all open convex symmetric with respect to \(\theta\) sets \(K\subset\mathbb{R}^d\), \(d\geq 2\), with \(\theta\in\int K\). For \(K\in\mathbb{K}\) the norm generated by the set \(K\) is \(|x|_K=\inf\{\lambda>0:x\in\lambda K\}\), the dual norm is \(|z|_{K^{\circ}}=\sup\{(x,z):|x|_K\leq 1\}\). The set of all open convex cones generated by a finite number of points is denoted by \(\mathcal{C}\). For \(C\in\mathcal{C}\), \(p\in [1,\infty]\), the space of functions \(f:C\to\mathbb{R}\) such that \(f\in L_{\infty}(C)\) and all their (distributional) derivatives of the first order belong to \(L_p(C)\) is denoted by \(L_{\infty,p}^1(C)\); \[ W_{\infty,p}^K=\{f\in L_{\infty,p}^1(C):\Vert |\nabla f|_{K^{\circ}}\Vert_{L_p(C)}\leq 1\}. \] For \(p\in(d,\infty]\) \(p'\) is such that \(p^{-1}+(p')^{-1}=1\). The authors solve the Stechkin problem about approximation of an (unbounded) operator \(A:X\to Y\) by bounded operators: to find \[ E_N(A,Q)=\inf\{U(A,S;Q):S\in\mathcal{L}(X,Y),\Vert S\Vert \leq N\}, \] where \[ U(A,S;Q)=\sup_{x\in Q}\Vert Ax-Sx\Vert_Y. \] More precisely, they approximate the hypersingular integral operator \(D_{K,w}:L_{\infty,p}^1(C)\to L_{\infty}(C)\): \[ (D_{K,w}f)(x)= \int_C w(|t|_K)(f(x)-f(x+t))dt, x\in C, \] in \(W_{\infty,p}^K\). More notations to formulate the main result: \begin{itemize} \item[1.] For \(0\leq a<b\leq +\infty\) and \(p\in[1,\infty)\) denote by \(\mathcal{L}_p(a,b)\) the space of all measurable functions with finite norm \[ \Vert w\Vert_{\mathcal{L}_p(a,b)}=\left(\int_a^bt^{d-1}w^p(t)dt\right)^{1/p} \] (with standard extension with essential supremum for \(p=\infty)\). \item[2.] For \(h>0\) and \(p\in[1,\infty]\) denote by \(\mathcal{W}_p(0,h)\) the space of all non-negative functions \(w:(0,h] \to\mathbb{R}\) such that \(w\in\mathcal{L}_1(u,h)\) for all \(u\in (0,h)\) and the function \[ g_{w,h}(u)=\frac{1}{u^{d-1}}\int_u^hw(t)t^{d-1}dt \] belongs to \(\mathcal{L}_p(0,h)\). \item[3.] For \(h>0\) and \(p\in[1,\infty]\) denote by \(\mathcal{W}_p^*(0,h)\) the space of all non-negative functions \(w:(0,h]\to\mathbb{R}\) such that \( w\in\mathcal{L}_1(u,h) \) for all \( u\in (0,h) ,\) for all \(\nu\) close enough to 1 from the left, the function \[ w_{\nu}(u)=\sup_{t\in[\nu u,u]}|w(t)-w(u)| \] belongs to \( \mathcal{W}_p(0,h), \) and \( \lim_{\nu\to 1-0}\Vert g_{w_{\nu},h}\Vert_{\mathcal{L}_p(0,h)}=0. \) \end{itemize} The main result of the article is Theorem 1: Let \( p\in(d,\infty], C\in \mathcal{C}, K \in \mathbb{K} \) be a polytope and \( w\in \mathcal{W}_{p'}(0,1)\cap\mathcal{L}_1(1,\infty), \) or \( K \in \mathbb{ K} \) and \( w\in \mathcal{W}_{p'}^*(0,1)\cap\mathcal{L}_1(1,\infty). \) For all \( N\in (0,\Vert D_{K,w}\Vert) \) (here the norm should be replaced by infinity for unbounded \(D_{K,w} ) \) let \( h_N \) be such that \( 2d \cdot \) meas\((K\cap C)\int_{h_N}^{\infty}w(\rho)\rho^{d-1}d\rho=N.\) Then \[ E_N(D_{K,w},W_{\infty,p}^K)=(d\cdot \mathrm{meas}(K\cap C))^{\frac{1}{p'}}\Vert g_{w,h_N}\Vert_{\mathcal{L}_{p'}(0,n_N)}. \] Moreover, the extremal operator is \[ (D_{K,w,h_N}f)(x)=\int_{C\backslash h_NK}w(|t|_K)(f(x)-f(x+t))dt, x\in C. \] The proof uses new sharp Ostrowski type and Landau-Kolmogorov type inequalities. Several applications are given.