Rerooting multi-type branching trees: the infinite spine case (Q2135184)

The theme of this paper is the study of infinite random trees that combine outcomes of multi-type Galton-Watson trees with root of a given type (among countably many types). In particular, the paper considers fringe distributions on such random trees on the condition that they have an infinite \textit{spine} whose root has a given type. The spine is an infinite path at each vertex of which independent finite (multi-type) Galton-Watson trees are rooted. Let \(\kappa\) be this type (from a given countable set of types). A condition is assumed which implies that the spine contains infinitely many vertices of type \(\kappa\). The first theorem of the paper gives a concentration result (convergence in probability) for the number of copies of a finite marked tree \((T,v)\), with root type \(\kappa\) and \(v\in V(T)\) having also type \(\kappa\) and being the marked vertex, as fringe tree in a random finite tree on \(n\) vertices. (Here \(v\) also has the property that between itself and the root there are \(h\) other vertices of type \(\kappa\).) The limit of this probability is the probability this tree appears as the sub-tree of the infinite tree where the path that joins the root to the marked vertex lies on its spine. The second theorem considers also marked trees with the marked vertex having type \(\gamma\not = \kappa\), whose number of occurrences on the spine is stochastically bounded. This result is extended to the case where \(\gamma\) may be a member of a certain subset of types.