Sequentially coupled gradient-based topology and domain shape optimization (Q2138285)

The domain shape optimization is presented. It is based on incorporation the shape design variables in the solid isotropic material applying the penalization topology optimization method. The authors solve the minimum problem \begin{align*} &\min_{\rho,\mathbf a}\ c(\rho,\mathbf{a})=\mathbf{f}^T\mathbf{u}(\rho,\mathbf{a}),\quad \text{subject to}\quad \frac {V(\rho,\mathbf{a})}{V_0} = f,\\ &\text{with}\quad \ell_m \le a_m\le u_m,\ m=1,...,M, \quad 0\le \rho_m\le \rho^e\le 1,\ e=1,...,N, \end{align*} where \(\mathbf{a}\) and \(\rho\) are the vectors of shape-related design variables and the density variables respectively, \(V(\rho,\mathbf{a}), V_0\) represent the current material volume and the initial volume of the design domain.