Isolated points of the Zariski space (Q2140556)

The author studies mainly isolated points of the Zariski space \(Z(L\mid D)\) endowed with the constructive topology, where \(D\) is an integral domain and \(L\) is a field containing \(D\). For example, \(L\) is isolated in \(Z(L| D)^{\mathrm{cons}}\) if and only if \(D\) is a Goldman domain and \(L\) is an algebraic extension of \(K\) (the quotient field of \(D\)). Recall that \(D\) is a Goldman domain if and only if \(K=D[u]\) for some \(u\in K\). Let \(\mathrm{Zar}(D)=\mathrm{Zar}(K\mid D)\), and let \(V\in\mathrm{Zar}(D)\) be a one-dimensional valuation overring of \(D\). Then, \(V\) is isolated in \(\mathrm{Zar}(D)\) if and only if \(V\) is a localization of the integral closure \(\overline D\) of \(D\), and its center on \(\overline D\) is isolated in \(\mathrm{Spec}(\overline D)^{\mathrm{cons}}\). If \(D\) is Noetherian, \(V\in\mathrm{Zar}(D)\) and \(P\) is the center of \(V\) on \(D\), then \(V\) is isolated in \(\mathrm{Zar}(D)^{\mathrm{cons}}\) \( \iff P\) is of height at most \(1\) and \(P\) is contained in just finitely many prime ideals of \(D\). If \((D,\mathfrak m)\) is a Noetherian local domain of dimension \(\ge3\), then \(\mathrm{Zar}(D)^{\mathrm{cons}}\) is perfect, that is, it has no isolated points. Moreover, in this case, \(\mathrm{Zar}(D)\) is determined by \(|\mathrm{Max}(\overline D)|\) (the cardinality of the maximal spectrum of \(\overline D\)) up to homeomorphism and conversely. This is true both with respect to the Zariski topology and to the constructive topology. Let \((D,\mathfrak m)\) be a countable Noetherian local domain. Then \begin{itemize} \item[1.] If \(\dim D=2\), then the space \(\mathrm{Zar}(D)^{\mathrm{cons}}\) is unique up to homeomorphism. \item[2.] If \(\dim D=1\), the space \(\mathrm{Zar}(D)^{\mathrm{cons}}\) is determined by \(|\mathrm{Max}(D)|\) up to homeomorphism and conversely. \end{itemize} If \(K\subseteq L\) is a field extension with \(\mathrm{trdeg}L/K\ge2\), then \(\mathrm{Zar}(K|L)^{\mathrm{cons}}\) is perfect. On the contrary, if \(K\) is a field, then all points of \(\mathrm{Zar}(K(X)|K)^{\mathrm{cons}}\) are isolated, except \(K(X)\). If \(V\ne K\) is a valuation domain of the field \(K\), then \(\mathcal E(L|V)^{\mathrm{cons}}\) is perfect. If \(\mathrm{trdeg}L/K\ge2\), then also \(\mathrm{Zar}(L|V)^{\mathrm{cons}}\) is perfect. Here \(\mathcal E(L|V)\) is the set of extensions of \(V\) to \(L\) (an extension of \(V\) to \(L\) is a valuation domain \(W\) of \(L\) such that \(W\cap K=V\)).