Topology of leaves for minimal laminations by non-simply-connected hyperbolic surfaces (Q2141710)

A \textit{surface lamination} is a topological space that is locally modelled as a product of a disc and a compact set such that the discs glue together to form a partition into surfaces. The connected components of surfaces in the decomposition are called \textit{leaves}. Foliations by surfaces are examples of surface laminations. A lamination is \textit{minimal} if every leaf is dense; by Zorn's lemma every lamination contains a minimal lamination. By the work of \textit{J. Cantwell} and \textit{L. Conlon} [Comment. Math. Helv. 73, No. 2, 306--336 (1998; Zbl 0903.57016)], the generic (in the sense of Baire) leaf of a minimal surface lamination has either 1, 2, or a Cantor set of ends, and either it has genus 0 or each end is accumulated by genus. A natural question is the following: if we fix the topology of generic leaves of a minimal surface lamination, what other topologies can be (simultaneously) realised by non-generic leaves? This paper treats the case where generic leaves have a Cantor set of ends; the other cases where generic leaves have respectively 1 or 2 ends were previously studied by \textit{S. Alvarez}, \textit{J. Brum}, \textit{M. Martínez}, and \textit{R. Potrie} [\textit{S. Alvarez} et al., J. Topol. 15, No. 1, 302--346 (2022), Preprint at \url{arXiv:1906.10029}] and \textit{E. Blanc} [Propriétés génériques des laminations. Ph.D. thesis, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 2001; Comment. Math. Helv. 78, No. 4, 845--864 (2003; Zbl 1031.37012)]. The authors show that if a minimal surface lamination has non-simply-connected generic leaves, then all of its non-compact leaves satisfy the following \textit{condition (\(*\))}: each isolated end is accumulated by genus. Then they prove that condition (\(*\)) is the only topological obstruction for being a leaf of such a lamination; the proof of this result constitutes most of the paper. More precisely, denote the sphere minus a Cantor set by a \textit{Cantor tree}. The following is the main result of the paper.\\ \textbf{Theorem A}. There is a minimal hyperbolic surface lamination \(\mathcal{L}\) such that -- generic leaves of \(\mathcal{L}\) are Cantor trees; and -- every non-compact surface satisfying condition (\(*\)) is a leaf of \(\mathcal{L}\). Using surgery, they deduce a similar result for laminations whose generic leaves are \textit{Cantor tree with handles}; i.e. a non-compact orientable surface with a Cantor set of ends each of which is accumulated by genus. The proof of Theorem A resembles those of \textit{S. Alvarez} et al. [loc. cit.] incorporating inverse limits of towers of finite coverings of surfaces, but the combinatorics and the details of the proof are different.