Nonlinear \(\ast\)-Jordan-type derivations on alternative \(\ast\)-algebras (Q2145727)

Let \(\mathcal{A}\) be an \(*\)-algebra over the field \(\mathbb C\) of complex numbers and let \(\eta\) be a scalar. A new product \(\diamond_\eta\) called Jordan \(\eta\)-\(*\)-product defined on \(\mathcal{A}\) by \(a\diamond_\eta b=ab+\eta ba^*\) has been introduced in [\textit{C. Li} et al., Linear Multilinear Algebra 62, No. 4, 466--473 (2014; Zbl 1293.47037); \textit{L. Dai} and \textit{F. Lu}, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 409, No. 1, 180--188 (2014; Zbl 1339.47047)] and it is found in various studies [\textit{P. Šemrl}, Colloq. Math. 59, No. 2, 241--251 (1990; Zbl 0723.46044); \textit{P. Šemrl}, Stud. Math. 97, No. 3, 157--165 (1991; Zbl 0761.46047); \textit{L. Molnár}, Linear Algebra Appl. 235, 229--234 (1996; Zbl 0852.46021); \textit{M. Brešar} and \textit{M. Fošner}, Publ. Math. Debr. 57, No. 1--2, 121--134 (2000; Zbl 0969.16013); \textit{C. Li} et al., Linear Algebra Appl. 438, No. 5, 2339--2345 (2013; Zbl 1276.47047); \textit{D. Huo} et al., J. Math. Anal. Appl. 430, No. 2, 830--844 (2015; Zbl 1331.47054); \textit{C. Li} et al., Ann. Funct. Anal. 7, No. 3, 496--507 (2016; Zbl 1351.47028); \textit{A. Taghavi} et al., Linear Multilinear Algebra 64, No. 3, 426--439 (2016; Zbl 1353.46049); \textit{F. Zhang}, Linear Multilinear Algebra 64, No. 10, 2090--2103 (2016; Zbl 1353.47073); \textit{C. Li} and \textit{F. Lu}, Complex Anal. Oper. Theory 11, No. 1, 109--117 (2017; Zbl 1454.47043); \textit{F. Zhao} and \textit{C. Li}, Math. Slovaca 68, No. 1, 163--170 (2018; Zbl 1479.47029); \textit{F. Zhao} and \textit{C. Li}, Indag. Math., New Ser. 29, No. 2, 619--627 (2018; Zbl 1425.46050); \textit{B. L. M. Ferreira} and \textit{H. Guzzo jun.}, Boll. Unione Mat. Ital. 13, No. 2, 181--192 (2020; Zbl 1434.17007); \textit{B. L. M. Ferreira} et al., Colloq. Math. 166, No. 2, 227--238 (2021; Zbl 1485.17033)]. The particular product \(a\diamond_1 b=ab+ba^*\) (or Jordan \(*\)-product) is denoted simply by \(a\bullet b\). A not necessarily linear map \(\Psi:\mathcal{A}\rightarrow\mathcal{A}\) is said to be a {\em nonlinear \(*\)-Jordan derivation} if \(\Psi(a\bullet b)=\Psi(a)\bullet b+a\bullet\Psi(b)\) for all \(a, b\in\mathcal{A}\). The Jordan \(*\)-product \(a\bullet b\) plays a crucial role in the work presented in this paper. Indeed, inspired by a recent study for multiplicative \(*\)-Jordan-type on \(C^*\)-algebras [\textit{B. L. Macedo Ferreira} and \textit{B. T. Costa}, Commun. Algebra 49, No. 12, 5073--5082 (2021; Zbl 1487.46061)] and others previous works [\textit{J. C. da Motta Ferreira} and \textit{B. L. Macedo Ferreira}, Commun. Algebra 44, No. 4, 1557--1568 (2016; Zbl 1403.17031); \textit{B. L. M. Ferreira}, Algebra Discrete Math. 28, No. 1, 94--106 (2019; Zbl 1477.17100); \textit{V. Darvish} et al., Rocky Mt. J. Math. 50, No. 2, 543--549 (2020; Zbl 1435.16011); \textit{B. L. M. Ferreira} et al., Bull. Iran. Math. Soc. 47, No. 4, 961--975 (2021; Zbl 1472.17002)] the authors introduce, for a fixed integer \(n\geq 2\), the so-called {\em nonlinear \(*\)-Jordan \(n\)-derivation} which is a map \(\Phi:\mathcal{A}\rightarrow\mathcal{A}\) satisfying \[ \Phi(a_1\bullet a_2\bullet \dots \bullet a_n)=\sum_{k=1}^n a_1\bullet \dots \bullet a_{k-1} \bullet \Phi(a_k)\bullet a_{k+1} \bullet \dots a_n \ \mbox{for all} \ a_1, \dots, a_n\in\mathcal{A} \] where \(a_1\bullet a_2\bullet \dots \bullet a_n=\Big(\dots \big((a_1\bullet a_2)\bullet a_3\big) \dots \bullet a_{n-1}\Big)\bullet a_n\). Clearly, nonlinear \(*\)-Jordan derivations on \(\mathcal{A}\) are \(*\)-Jordan \(n\)-derivations. In this paper, the authors characterize the additive \(*\)-derivations on an unital alternative \(*\)-algebra \(\mathcal{A}\) satisfying certain conditions. They established the following main result: Theorem. Let \(\mathcal{A}\) be an alternative \(*\)-algebra with unit \(1_\mathcal{A}\) and assume that \(\mathcal{A}\) contains a nontrivial symmetric idempotent element \(e\) which satisfies (\(\spadesuit\)) \(x\mathcal{A}\cdot e=0\) implies \(x=0\); (\(\clubsuit\)) \(x\mathcal{A}\cdot(1_\mathcal{A}-e)=0\) implies \(x=0\). If a map \(\Phi:\mathcal{A}\rightarrow\mathcal{A}\) satisfies \(\Phi(a_1\bullet a_2\bullet \dots \bullet a_n)=\sum_{k=1}^n a_1\bullet \dots \bullet a_{k-1} \bullet \Phi(a_k)\bullet a_{k+1} \bullet \dots a_n\) for all \(a_{n-1}\), \(a_n\in\mathcal{A}\) and \(a_i=1_\mathcal{A}\) for all \(i\in\{1, 2, \dots , n-2\}\), then \(\Phi\) is an additive \(*\)-derivation. The proof of theorem is laborious and calculating. It is based on Peirce's decomposition for alternative algebras [\textit{I. R. Hentzel} et al., J. Algebra 64, 325--335 (1980; Zbl 0441.17010)] and uses seventeen preliminary results in which the Jordan \(*\)-product \(a\bullet\) is highly present and used effectively. The authors conclude their paper with an interesting consequence on alternative \(W^*\)-algebras [\textit{M. Cabrera García} and \textit{Á. Rodríguez Palacios}, Non-associative normed algebras. Volume 1. The Vidav-Palmer and Gelfand-Naimark theorems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2014; Zbl 1322.46003); Non-associative normed algebras. Volume 2. Representation theory and the Zel'manov approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2018; Zbl 1390.17001)] as follows: Corollary. Let \(\mathcal{A}\) be an alternative \(W^*\)-factor. Then \(\Phi\) is a nonlinear \(*\)-Jordan-type derivation on \(\mathcal{A}\) if and only if \(\Phi\) is an additive \(*\)-derivation.