Fixed points of the Riemann zeta function and Dirichlet series (Q2145920)

The authors derive an asymptotic formula to estimate the number of fixed points for the Riemann zeta function \(\zeta(s)\) and its derivatives. Recall that a fixed point \(s\) satisfies \(\zeta(s)=s\). By the Phragmén-Lindelöf theorem, it is well known that \(|\zeta(s)|=O(|t|^{\frac{1}{2}+\varepsilon})\) in the critical strip \(0<\mathrm{Re}(s)<1\). Therefore, \(|\zeta(s)-s|>0\) for large \(t\); hence \(\zeta\) does not have fixed points in the critical strip with at most a finite number of exceptions. In order to measure the number of fixed of points inside the disk \(|z|<r\), the following counting function is introduced: \[N(r,f)=\int_0^r \frac{n(t,\frac{1}{f})-n(0,\frac{1}{f})} {t}dt + n(0,\frac{1}{f})\log r,\] where \(n(r,\frac{1}{f})\) is the number of zeros counted with multiplicities of a meromorphic function \(f\) inside the disk \(|z|<r\). For instance, in the case of \(f=\frac{1}{\zeta-s}\), one can check that \(n(0, \frac{1}{\zeta-s})=0\) and thus for \(r>0\), \[N\left(r, \frac{1}{\zeta-s}\right)=\int_0^r \frac{n(t,\frac{1}{f})}{t}dt.\] The authors proved the following asymptotic formula for \(r\to \infty\) \[N\left(r, \frac{1}{\zeta-s}\right)=\frac{1}{\pi}r\log r + O(r).\] It is also shown that the above estimate remains true if we consider \(f=\frac{1}{\zeta^{(m)}-P(s)}\), where \(P(s)\) is a polynomial and \(\zeta^{(m)}\) is the \(m^{th}\) derivative of \(\zeta\).