Branching rules for splint root systems (Q2149538)

A splint of a root system (of finite type) \(\Delta\) is a decomposition \(\Delta = \Delta_1 \sqcup \Delta_2\) into a disjoint union of two root systems with \(\Delta_1\) embedded metrically. The embedding \(\Delta_1 \hookrightarrow \Delta\) induces an embedding of reductive Lie algebras \(\mathfrak{a} \hookrightarrow \mathfrak{g}\). Let \(\Pi_\lambda\) be a simple \(\mathfrak{g}\)-module with dominant highest weight \(\lambda\). The branching rule is written as \[ \text{Res}^\mathfrak{g}_\mathfrak{a} \Pi_\lambda = \bigoplus_{\nu} b_{\lambda, \nu} \pi_\nu \tag{\(*\)} \] where \(\pi_\nu\) is the simple \(\mathfrak{a}\)-module with highest weight \(\nu\) and \(b_{\lambda, \nu} \in \mathbb{N}\). For example, the restrictions corresponding to embedding \(A_{r-1} \hookrightarrow A_r\) and \(D_r \hookrightarrow B_r\) are known as Gelfand-Tsetlin patterns. Consider the splint \(G_2 = A_2 \sqcup A_2\). It has been observed in, for example, [\textit{D. A. Richter}, J. Geom. 103, No. 1, 103--117 (2012; Zbl 1294.17009)] and [\textit{V. D. Lyakhovsky} and \textit{A. A. Nazarov}, J. Math. Sci., New York 192, No. 1, 91--100 (2013; Zbl 1293.17007)], that its branching coefficients \(b_{\lambda,\nu}\) are determined by the weight diagram of certain simple module of the second Lie algebra \(\Delta_2 = A_2\). The paper under review computes the branching coefficients more directly by comparing the Weyl character formulas of the two sides of (\(*\)) combinatorially. Some examples of other types are also presented in this paper.