On the exceptional solutions of Jeśmanowicz' conjecture (Q2151483)

This paper is motivated by the equation \(a^x + b^y = c^z\) where \(a, b, c > 1\) are fixed coprime integers and \(x, y, z > 1\) are integers. The author surveys what is known about this equation which leads into a number of conjectures. One of these is that there is at most one solution \((x,y,z)\) with \(x, y, z > 1\). Another is more specific, where \(a, b, c\) are assumed to be a Pythagorean triple. The conjecture in this case, by Jeśmanowicz, states that \((x,y,z) = (2,2,2)\) is the unique solution. As progress towards this last conjecture, the author considers the well known parametrization of Pythagorean triples \(a = m^2 - n^2\), \(b = 2 mn\), \(c = m^2 + n^2\) and proves the conjecture holds if \(m > c(n)\), where \(c(n)\) is an explicit constant dependent on \(n\), and either \(x, y, z\) are all even, or \(4 || m\).