A remark on optimal data spaces for classical solutions of \(\bar{\partial}\) (Q2152810)

This article examines the existence of \(C^1\) differentiable solutions to \(\bar{\partial}\) in planar domains with \(C^{1,\alpha}\) boundary. The solution to the \(\bar{\partial}\) problem, written \(\bar{\partial} u = f\), on a bounded domain, \(\Omega \subset \mathbb{C}\), is given by the singular integral operator: \[ T f = \frac{1}{2\pi i} \int_{\Omega} \frac{f(\zeta)}{\zeta - z} d\zeta \wedge d\overline{\zeta}. \] In the case of smooth domains and smooth data, \(f \in C^{\infty} (\overline{\Omega})\), regularity of the solution, \(u \in C^{\infty} (\overline{\Omega})\), where \(u = Tf\), follows (see [\textit{S. R. Bell}, The Cauchy transform, potential theory and conformal mapping. 2nd edition. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press (2016; Zbl 1359.30001)]). For regularity in \(L^p\) and Hölder spaces, see the references in the article under review. In the article, \(\Omega\) is assumed to have \(C^{1,\alpha}\) boundary (i.e. \(\Omega\) has a defining function whose first derivatives are Hölder continuous with exponent \(\alpha\)). Define the norm \[ \| f \|_{C^{k, \log^{\nu} L} (\Omega)} := \sum_{| \gamma | = 0}^k \sup_{w \in \Omega} | D^{\gamma} f (w) | + \sum_{| \gamma | = k}^k \sup_{w, w + h \in \Omega} | D^{\gamma} f (w + h) | - | D^{\gamma} f (w) | | \ln |h| |^{\nu} . \] The authors show that \(u \in C^1(\Omega)\) if it is assumed that \(f \in C^{0, \log^{\nu} L} (\Omega)\) for some \(\nu > 1\), where the space \(C^{k, \log^{\nu} L} (\Omega)\) is defined by functions, \(f\), for which \(\| f \|_{C^{k, \log^{\nu} L} (\Omega)} < \infty\) (or by \((0,1)\)-forms whose component functions hold the estimate). In fact, the authors prove \(\| u \|_{C^{1,\log^{\nu - 1} L} (\Omega)} \le C \| f \|_{C^{0,\log^{\nu} L} (\Omega)},\) where \(C\) depends only on \(\Omega\) and \(\nu\). To prove the result, the authors look at mapping properties of the derivatives of \(Tf\), relating \(\frac{\partial}{\partial z} Tf\) to the operator \[ ^2 T f = \frac{1}{2\pi i} \int_{\Omega} \frac{f(\zeta) - f(z)}{(\zeta - z)^2} d\zeta \wedge d\overline{\zeta} \] and studying its mapping properties. The authors also provide an example to show in the case \(\nu \le 1\), \(f \in C^{0, \log^{\nu} L} (\Omega)\) does not imply the existence of a \(C^1\) differentiable solution.