A multiscale mathematical model of \textit{Plasmodium vivax} transmission (Q2154529)

This paper studies a multiscale mathematical model of \textit{Plasmodium vivax} transmission. It embeds the within-host Mehra model in a simple population-level model for \textit{P. vivax} model. Let \(S\), \(I\) and \(L\) represent the fraction of the human population that are susceptible with no hypnozoites, blood-stage infected and liver-stage infected, respectively. The population level model is given as follows. \(dS/dt=-\lambda S+\mu k_1(t)L+p(t)\gamma I\), \(dI/dt=\lambda(S+L)+\alpha k_T(t)L-\gamma I\), \(dL/dt=-\lambda L-\mu k_1(t)L-\alpha k_T(t)L+(1-p(t))\gamma I\), \(dS_m/dt=g-acIS_m-gS_m\), \(dE_m/dt=acIS_m-(g+n)E_m\), \(dI_m/dt=nE_m-gI_m\), where \(\lambda=mabI_m\), \(k_T(t)=\sum_i ik_i(t)\), the probability that blood-stage infected ones have no hypnozoites \(p(t)\), the probability that liver-stage infected individuals have 1 hypnozoite \(k_1(t)\), and the expected size of the hypnozoite reservoir in liver-stage infected individuals \(k_T(t)\) are derived from the within-host model taking into account the history of the the force of reinfection \(\lambda(\tau)\) and \(0<\tau\le t\) is the mosquito bit rate. \(\lambda\) is force of reinfection, \(m\) is the number of mosquitoes per human, \(a\) is the mosquito biting rate, \(b\) is the transmission probability from mosquito to human. Blood-stage infections are cleared at rate \(\gamma\). \(S_m\), \(E_m\) and \(I_m\) are the fraction of susceptible, exposed and infectious mosquitoes, respectively. Analytical and numerical analysis has been performed to demonstrate some key properties such as the equilibria of the model.