A construction of weakly unramified extensions of a valuation ring (Q2154573)

As its title clearly indicates, the purpose of this paper is to construct a weakly unramified extension \(W\) of a valued field \(V\), that is a local \(V\)-algebra \(W\) dominating \(V\) such that \(V\) and \(W\) have the same value group. The reader is assumed to be familiar with the basic notions of algebraic geometry. In this paper the valuation of an element \(z\) is denoted by \(|z|\), hence we will let \(|V|\) and \(|W|\) be the value groups of \(V\) and \(W\). We also let \(\mathfrak{m}\) (resp.\ \(\mathfrak{n}\)) be the maximal ideal of \(V\) (resp.\ \(W\)), and \(F\) be the residue field of \(V\). If \(x\) is a point of a scheme, then \(\kappa(x)\) denotes the residue field of its local ring. These constructions rely on the main theorem of this paper, which says that if \(W\) is a flat local \(V\)-algebra, \(\mathfrak{n}=\mathfrak{m}W\) and W is the inverse limit of an inductive filtering system of flat V algebras essentially of finite type, with flat transition morphims, then \(W\) is a weakly unramified extension of \(V\). Next, the author assumes that \(V\) contains a field \(k\) of characteristic of \(p\), which is also a subfield of \(F\). Let \(k'\) be a field which contains \(k\); the aim is to construct a valuation ring \(W\) which dominates \(V\) such that the residue field contains \(k'\) and both of the residue fields extension and the value groups extensions are ``as small as possible''. In the general case the author constructs \(W\) such that : \\ \(|W|/|V|\) is \(p\)-torsion, \\ the natural morphism from \(\mbox{Spec}(W)\) onto \(\mbox{Spec}(V)\) is an homeomorphism, \\ for every \(\mathfrak{q}'\) in \(\mbox{Spec}(W)\), with image \(\mathfrak{q}\) in \(\mbox{Spec}(V)\), \(\kappa(\mathfrak{q}')\) is purely inseparable over the subfield generated by \(\kappa(\mathfrak{q})\) and \(k\), and the images of \(\kappa(\mathfrak{q})\) and \(k\) in this generated subfield are algebraically free over \(k\). \\ Now, with an additional condition, the author gets an extension \(W\) which satisfies more properties. He fixes a minimal prime ideal of \(k'\otimes_k F\), he denotes by \(\mathfrak{p}\) the corresponding prime ideal of \(k'\otimes_k V\), and by \(x\) the point of \(\mbox{Spec}(k'\otimes_k V)\) which corresponds to \(\mathfrak{p}\). Let \(W\) be the localization at \(\mathfrak{p}\) of \(\mbox{Spec}(k'\otimes_k V)\). Assume that the local ring of \(x\) is a field. Then : \\ \(|W|=|V|\), \\ the natural morphism from \(\mbox{Spec}(W)\) onto \(\mbox{Spec}(V)\) is an homeomorphism, \\ for every \(\mathfrak{q}\in \mbox{Spec}(V)\), the only element of \(\mbox{Spec}(W)\) over \(\mathfrak{q}\) is \(\mathfrak{q} W\), and the residue field of \(\mathfrak{q} W\) is an extension of \(k'\) and \(\kappa(\mathfrak{q})\) such that the local ring of the corresponding point of \(\mbox{Spec}(k'\otimes_k\kappa(\mathfrak{q}))\) is a field, \\ if \(k'/k\) is a separable extension, then so are \(\kappa(x)/F\) and \(\kappa(\mathfrak{q} W)/\kappa(\mathfrak{q})\) for every \(\mathfrak{q}\in \mbox{Spec}(V)\), \\ if \(F/k\) is a separable extension, then so are \(\kappa(x)/k'\) and \(\kappa(\mathfrak{q}' )/k'\) for every \(\mathfrak{q}'\in \mbox{Spec}(W)\).