Schur apolarity (Q2156356)

Through all this manuscript, the author works over a characteristic zero and algebraically closed field. Structured tensors are tensors with prescribed symmetries between the factors of the tensor product, and one can talk about structured tensors of structured rank 1 as the most elementary tensors with that structure. For instance, the symmetric tensors \(\mathrm{Sym}^d V\) are invariant under permutations of the factors, while the skew-symmetric tensors \(\bigwedge^dV\) under permutations of the factors up to the sign of the permutation: in these cases the tensors of structured rank 1 are determined by the underlying geometry. Indeed, both \(\mathrm{Sym}^d V\) and \(\bigwedge^dV\) are irreducible representations of the group \(SL(V)\), and the corresponding highest weight vectors generate (closed) \(SL(V)\)-orbits in the projectivization, which turn out to be the Veronese varieties and the Grassmannians respectively and whose points are the ones having (skew-)symmetric rank 1. In particular, they are respectively \[ \nu_d(\mathbb PV)=\left\{[l^d] \ | \ l \in V\right\} \ \ \ , \ \ \ Gr(d,V)=\left\{v_1\wedge \ldots\wedge v_d \ | \ v_1,\ldots, v_d\in V \ \text{lin. indep. }\right\} \ . \] irreducible representations of \(SL(V)\) are usually described as Schur modules, with the minimal orbit (in their projectivization) being in general a Flag variety, and tensors of structured rank 1 in the general context represent flags, possibly partial, of the vector space \(V\). It is of interest to compute the (skew-)symmetric rank of any (skew-)symmetric tensor, and apolarity theories have been developed for these purposes. The apolarity actions are the maps \(\mathrm{Sym}^{d} V \otimes \mathrm{Sym}^{e} V^* \rightarrow \mathrm{Sym}^{d-e} V\) and \(\bigwedge^d V \otimes \bigwedge^e V^* \rightarrow \bigwedge^{d-e}V\). Given any (skew-)symmetric tensor, one can compute its annihilator with respect to the above maps, which turns out to be an ideal in the symmetric or exterior algebra of \(V^*\) respectively. The key result in both theories is the apolarity lemma, which allows to find a decomposition of a given tensor as sum of rank 1 tensors. In this work, the author defines an apolarity theory for any other irreducible representation of \(SL(V)\), based on the so-called Schur apolarity action: given \(S_\lambda V\) the Schur module determined by the partition \(\lambda\), the Schur apolarity action is the map \(S_\lambda V \otimes S_\mu V^* \rightarrow S_{\lambda/\mu} V\) where \(S_{\lambda/\mu}\) is called skew Schur module. Along the paper, several examples and an analogous Schur apolarity lemma are provided. The author also shows a relation between the Schur apolarity and the non-abelian apolarity, introduced by \textit{J. M. Landsberg} and \textit{G. Ottaviani} [Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. (4) 192, No. 4, 569--606 (2013; Zbl 1274.14058)].