Periodic homogenization in the context of structured deformations (Q2157821)

The authors describe a homogenization result for the energy functional \[ E_{\varepsilon }(u)=\int_{\Omega }W(\frac{x}{\varepsilon },\nabla u(x))dx+\int_{\Omega \cap S_{u}}\psi (\frac{x}{\varepsilon },[u](x),\nu _{u}(x)d\mathcal{H}^{N-1}(x),\] where \(\Omega \) is a bounded, connected and open subset of \(\mathbb{R}^{N}\) with Lipschitz boundary, \(W:\mathbb{R} ^{N}\times \mathbb{R}^{N}\times \mathbb{N}\rightarrow \lbrack 0,+\infty )\) and \(\psi :\mathbb{R}^{N}\times \mathbb{R}^{N}\times \mathbb{S} ^{N-1}\rightarrow \lbrack 0,+\infty )\) are \(Q\)-periodic in the first variable (\(Q\) being the unit cube in \(\mathbb{R}^{N}\)), \(\varepsilon >0\) is the length scale of the microscopic heterogeneities, \(u\in SBV(\Omega ; \mathbb{R}^{d})\) is the deformation, \([u]\) is the jump of \(u\) across the jump set \(S_{u}\), and \(d\mathcal{H}^{N-1}\) is the \((N-1)\)-dimensional Hausdorff measure. The energy density \(W\) satisfies Lipschitz and boundedness properties with respect to both variables. The energy density \(\psi \) satisfies a Lipschitz property with respect to its first variable. It is bounded, coercive and positively homogeneous of degree one with respect to the second variable. It is symmetric with respect to the second and third variables. The main result of the paper proves that for every structured deformation \((g,G)\in SDp(\Omega )\), and for every sequence \(\varepsilon _{n}\rightarrow 0\), the homogenized functional \(I_{\mathrm{hom}}^{\{\varepsilon _{n}\}}(g,G)\) defined as \[ I_{\mathrm{hom}}^{\{\varepsilon _{n}\}}(g,G)=\inf \{\lim \inf_{n\rightarrow \infty }E_{\varepsilon _{n}}(u_{n}):\{u_{n}\}\in \mathcal{R}_{p}(g,G;\Omega )\},\] where \[\mathcal{R}_{p}(g,G;\Omega )=\{\{u_{n}\}\in SBV(\Omega ;\mathbb{R} ^{d}):u_{n}\rightarrow g \text{ in } L^{1}(\Omega ;\mathbb{R}^{d}),\] \(\nabla u_{n}\rightharpoonup G\) in \(L^{p}(\Omega ;\mathbb{R}^{d}\times \mathbb{N})\), admits the integral representation \[I_{\mathrm{hom}}^{\{\varepsilon _{n}\}}(g,G)=\int_{\Omega }H_{\mathrm{hom}}(\nabla g(x),G(x))dx+\int_{\Omega \cap S_{g}}h_{\mathrm{hom}}([g](x),\nu _{g}(x))d\mathcal{H}^{N-1}(x).\] The authors give explicit expressions for the relaxed energy densities \(H_{\mathrm{hom}}:\mathbb{R} ^{d}\times \mathbb{N}\times \mathbb{R}^{d}\times \mathbb{N}\rightarrow \lbrack 0,+\infty )\) and \(h_{\mathrm{hom}}:\mathbb{R}^{d}\times \mathbb{S} ^{N-1}\rightarrow \lbrack 0,+\infty )\). For the proof, the authors combine blow-up techniques and the averaging process underlying the homogenization theory. They first recall properties of the functional spaces they need in the present context, among which an approximation theorem in \(SDp(\Omega )\). They prove properties of the relaxed energy densities, they build a cell problem and they use the properties of the relaxed energy densities.